PREVALENCE OF LOW BACK PAIN AND EVALUATION OF RISK FACTORS IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the prevalence of low back pain and to establish a correlation with risk factors for the development of low back pain in a teaching hospital in the East Zone of São Paulo. Method This is a cross-sectional, observational, analytical study, in which 90 patients from the teaching hospital wards were evaluated. Internationally validated instruments were used to assess clinical, epidemiological and behavioral aspects. Results The prevalence rate obtained was 57.73%, which is considered high compared to the rates in studies conducted outside of the hospital environment. There was predominance in the female sex, at 30.13% (SSD 5.32%). Sleep disturbances, measured indirectly through hours of sleep and the average pain score (p = 0.007), seem to act as a risk factor. The instruments for checking pain seem to be more effective when used together, with an association being observed between the Oswestry questionnaire (ODI) and the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain (p = 0.000). Conclusions There is a prevalence of low back pain among institutionalized individuals, especially those who are hospitalized, compared to rates observed outside the hospital environment. Level of evidence IV; Cross-sectional observational.

摘要
研究目的：明确圣保罗东区某教学医院内下腰痛（low back pain）的患病率，并探讨其与下腰痛发病相关危险因素的关联。
研究方法：本研究为横断面观察性分析研究，共纳入该教学医院病房的90例患者开展评估。采用经国际权威验证的测评工具，对受试者的临床、流行病学及行为学特征进行全面测评。
研究结果：本次研究测得的下腰痛患病率为57.73%，相较于院外相关研究的患病率水平，该数值偏高。女性患者占比更高，达30.13%（SSD 5.32%）。通过睡眠时长与平均疼痛评分间接评估的睡眠障碍（p=0.007）或为该病的危险因素。联合使用疼痛测评工具可提升检测效能，研究发现奥斯威斯特里功能障碍指数问卷（Oswestry Disability Index, ODI）与疼痛视觉模拟评分法（Visual Analogue Scale, VAS）用于疼痛评估时存在显著关联（p=0.000）。
研究结论：相较于院外人群的患病率，住院患者群体的下腰痛患病率更高，其中住院患者尤为显著。本研究证据等级为IV级，属于横断面观察性研究。