Data from: bringing the forest back: restoration priorities in Colombia

Aim: Colombia has committed to ambitious forest restoration targets which
include a one million ha Bonn Challenge commitment and 6.47 - 8.31 million
ha (rehabilitation and restoration, respectively) under the National
Restoration Plan. Determining where and how to implement programs to
achieve these targets remains a significant challenge. Location: Colombia
Methods: We adopt a multi-objective optimisation framework for restoration
planning and apply it to Colombia. We explore cost-effective solutions
that leverage the potential for assisted natural regeneration benefits
while accounting for opportunity and establishment costs of restoration
and maximising biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation
benefits. We explore four politically relevant restoration areal targets
(one, six, 6.47 and 8.31 million ha) and identify minimum cost, and suites
of maximum benefit and cost-effective solutions. Results: We identify
solutions that simultaneously perform well across biodiversity and carbon
objectives, despite trade-offs between these objectives. We find that
cost-effective solutions can achieve on average 91.1%, 90.8%, 90.5%, and
90.1% of maximum carbon benefit and 100% of the maximum biodiversity
benefit while significantly reducing costs. On average, the maximum
benefit solutions reduce the cost by 16.9%, 30.2%, 31.1%, and 34.4% when
considering the one, six, 6.47 and 8.31 million ha restoration targets
respectively. Main conclusions: Colombia has committed to bold restoration
and conservation targets, such as those under the new 2030 Convention on
Biological Diversity Global Biodiversity Framework. Strategic forest
restoration planning will play an important role in achieving Colombia’s
climate mitigation goals. We provide quantitative evidence to inform
planning for environmentally and economically sensible restoration policy
and practice in the country. Our framework and results can help guide
Colombia towards meeting its ambitious forest restoration targets
cost-effectively.

### 研究目标
哥伦比亚已承诺设定多项雄心勃勃的森林恢复目标，其中包含一项100万公顷的波恩挑战（Bonn Challenge）承诺，以及根据《国家恢复计划》制定的647万至831万公顷（分别对应修复与恢复目标）的任务。明确实施路径与选址方案以达成上述目标，仍是当前面临的重大挑战。
### 研究区域
哥伦比亚
### 研究方法
本研究采用多目标优化框架开展森林恢复规划，并将其应用于哥伦比亚境内。研究旨在探索兼具成本效益的解决方案：在兼顾森林恢复的机会成本与营建成本的同时，最大化生物多样性保护与气候变化减缓效益，并充分依托辅助自然再生（assisted natural regeneration）的潜力获取收益。本次研究设置四项贴合政治实际的恢复面积目标（100万、600万、647万及831万公顷），并识别出最低成本方案，以及一系列收益最大化与成本最优的解决方案。
### 研究结果
本研究识别出可同时在生物多样性与碳减排目标上表现优异的方案，尽管两类目标间存在一定权衡关系。研究发现，成本最优方案平均可实现最大碳收益的91.1%、90.8%、90.5%与90.1%，并可100%达成最大生物多样性收益，同时显著压缩成本。平均而言，针对100万、600万、647万及831万公顷的恢复目标，收益最大化方案可分别降低16.9%、30.2%、31.1%与34.4%的实施成本。
### 主要结论
哥伦比亚已承诺设定大胆的恢复与保护目标，例如新出台的《2030年生物多样性公约（Convention on Biological Diversity）全球生物多样性框架（Global Biodiversity Framework）》下的相关任务。战略性森林恢复规划将对实现哥伦比亚的气候减缓目标发挥关键作用。本研究提供量化证据，可为该国制定兼具环境合理性与经济可行性的森林恢复政策与实践规划提供参考。本研究的分析框架与结果可助力哥伦比亚以成本最优的方式达成其雄心勃勃的森林恢复目标。