Transport mass and proportion data of soil wind-eroded dust from three dust source surfaces

We collected undisturbed soil samples from the surfaces of three potential dust sources in China's Ulan buh Desert, including sand dunes, dry lake beds, and farmland. Through wind tunnel simulations and indoor analyses, we measured the mass of PM2.5, PM10, PM63 and total sediment emitted from these surfaces at 8 m·s-1, 11 m·s-1 and 14 m·s-1. In addition, we quantified the proportion and mass variation of fine particles at 10 near-surface heights (13-130 cm). The dataset contains R scripts and data for the analysis of dust emissions and dust vertical profiles in the Ulan buh Desert region. These scripts include code for data processing, visualization, and statistical analysis. The data include measurements of dust emissions and dust vertical profiles at different wind speeds and surface conditions. These data are stored here to support the analysis of dust emission potential and near-surface transport patterns at different surfaces, to identify the main sources of fine particulate matter in regional dust events, and to highlight the need for dust control by farmland shelterbelts.