CHARACTERISTICS OF VEGETABLES AND FRUIT FIRMS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH BUSINESS RISK

In this global era, there has been a rapid increase in the sale and purchase of vegetables and fruits, but the level of income from these businesses still fluctuates. The purpose of this research is to describe the character of the fruit and vegetable business in Indonesia, and to find out the relationship between this and the business risks. The method used is a survey method on 43 business units. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis and to test the relationship of variables used the Chi-Square test with representation using cross tabulation. The results of this study indicate that more respondents sell fruit commodities than vegetables, namely as many as 24 business units. the majority of business lengths are in the range of 10-20 years with 35 business units, the form of the company tends to vary with the most forms of trading business with 10 business units. Many businesses are privately owned, with as many as 25 business units, the Company's Net Worth (Excluding Land and Buildings) is dominated in the range of 50 million-500 million. Asset categories tend to be small, namely under Rp. 250 million, with an income level of < Rp. 50 million/year. Developing and stable conditions dominate the business conditions category, with the majority of business units having no loans. A total of 41 business founders were male, and the last education of the founders was quite high, namely 15 high school graduates and 15 undergraduate graduates. Another result is that there is a significant relationship between income level and business risk, as well as ownership status and loan level to legal and legality risks.

在当前全球化时代，果蔬购销业务量呈快速增长态势，但该类业务的收益水平仍存在波动。
本研究旨在刻画印度尼西亚果蔬经营业态特征，并探究其与经营风险之间的关联。本研究采用针对43家经营主体的问卷调查法，数据分析环节采用描述性分析方法，变量关联检验则采用卡方检验（Chi-Square Test），并以交叉制表（Cross Tabulation）呈现结果。
研究结果显示，受访经营主体中售卖水果类商品的数量多于蔬菜类，共计24家经营主体。多数经营主体的经营年限处于10-20年区间，共计35家；经营组织形式多样，其中以贸易类经营形式占比最高，共10家。多数经营主体为私营性质，共计25家；企业净资产（Company's Net Worth，不含土地及房产）主要集中在5000万至5亿印尼盾（Rp. 50 million-500 million）区间。资产规模普遍偏低，均低于2.5亿印尼盾（Rp. 250 million），年收益水平低于5000万印尼盾（Rp. 50 million/年）。经营状况以发展中且稳定的状态为主，多数经营主体未发生借贷行为。
共有41位经营主体创始人为男性，且创始人的最高学历水平普遍较高：其中15人为高中毕业生，15人为本科毕业生。其余研究结果显示，收益水平与经营风险之间存在显著关联，经营主体的所有权性质与借贷水平分别与合规合法性风险存在显著关联。