Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN): Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised, Wave 3, 2000-2002

The Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) was a large-scale, interdisciplinary study of how families, schools, and neighborhoods affect child and adolescent development. One component of the PHDCN was the Longitudinal Cohort Study, which was a series of coordinated longitudinal studies that followed over 6,000 randomly selected children, adolescents, and young adults, and their primary caregivers over time to examine the changing circumstances of their lives, as well as the personal characteristics, that might lead them toward or away from a variety of antisocial behaviors. Numerous measures were administered to respondents to gauge various aspects of human development, including individual differences, as well as family, peer, and school influences. One such measure was the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R), a general test of intelligence, which David Wechsler, the test's author, defined as "the global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment." In keeping with this definition of intelligence as an aggregate of mental aptitudes or abilities, the WISC-R has traditionally consisted of 13 subtests divided into two parts, verbal and performance. For this study, the WISC-R included definitions of words only. It was administered to Cohorts 3, 6, 9, and 12.

芝加哥社区人类发展项目（Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, PHDCN）是一项大规模跨学科研究，旨在探究家庭、学校与社区如何影响儿童及青少年的发展。该项目的一个组成部分为纵向队列研究（Longitudinal Cohort Study），该研究为一系列协同开展的纵向追踪研究，对超过6000名随机选取的儿童、青少年、青年群体及其主要照料者进行长期随访，以考察其生活环境的动态变化，以及可能促使其参与或规避各类反社会行为的个人特征。研究人员通过多种测评工具对受访者施测，以评估人类发展的多个维度，包括个体差异、家庭、同伴及学校环境的影响。其中一项测评工具为韦氏儿童智力量表修订版（Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised, WISC-R），这是一款通用智力测评工具，其开发者戴维·韦克斯勒（David Wechsler）将智力定义为“个体有目的地行动、理性思考并有效应对周遭环境的综合能力”。遵循“智力是各类心理潜能或能力的集合”这一定义，韦氏儿童智力量表修订版传统上包含13个分测验，分为言语量表与操作量表两大模块。在本研究中，该量表仅纳入了词汇定义分测验，并在队列3、队列6、队列9及队列12中施测。