Phytochemical study and antioxidant activity of Dalbergia ecastaphyllum

Abstract The chemical profile of Dalbergia ecastaphyllum has been indicated as the botanical origin of Brazilian red propolis, an apicultural product with proven therapeutic properties. However, few studies have investigated this plant species. This study evaluated and compared microbiological quality, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity of stem and leaf samples of D. ecastaphyllum. The samples were collected in February 2015, in the southern region of the state of Bahia, Brazil. We performed the microbiological analyses, determined the contents of fatty acid, total phenol and flavonoid, and identified the chemical profile and antioxidant activit. Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and sulfite reducing clostridial spores were not detected in the samples. Acids of the family ω3 were recorded in the stems and ω6 in the leaves. The leaves presented better nutritional quality of the fraction, better antioxidant capacity in the tests by the DPPH method and β-carotene bleaching. There were 49 chemical compounds, of which 38 belonged to the class of flavonoids. The results indicate that stems and leaves of D. ecastaphyllum have biological properties. Leaves particularly are better for functional food formulation and as natural antioxidant.

摘要 圆叶黄檀（Dalbergia ecastaphyllum）的化学特征被证实为巴西红蜂胶的植物来源——后者是一种经证实具有治疗功效的蜂产品。然而，目前针对该物种的研究尚少。本研究对圆叶黄檀的茎、叶样品的微生物学品质、化学成分及抗氧化活性进行了评价与比较。样品采集于2015年2月，地点位于巴西巴伊亚州南部区域。本研究开展了微生物学分析，测定了脂肪酸、总酚及类黄酮的含量，并对其化学特征与抗氧化活性进行了鉴定。样品中未检出大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）、沙门氏菌属（Salmonella spp.）及还原亚硫酸盐梭菌芽孢。茎中检出ω3族脂肪酸，叶中则检出ω6族脂肪酸。在各组分的营养品质方面，叶片表现更优；在DPPH法与β-胡萝卜素漂白试验中，叶片的抗氧化能力也更强。本研究共鉴定出49种化学成分，其中38种属于类黄酮类化合物。研究结果表明，圆叶黄檀的茎与叶均具有生物学活性，其中叶片尤其适用于功能性食品的配方开发，且可作为天然抗氧化剂使用。