A multi-dimensional selective landscape drives adaptive divergence between and within closely related Phlox species

Selection causes local adaptation across populations within species and simultaneously divergence between species. However, it is unclear if either the force of or the response to selection is similar across these scales. We show that natural selection drives divergence between closely related species in a pattern that is distinct from local adaptation within species. We use reciprocal transplant experiments across three species of Phlox wildflowers to characterize widespread adaptive divergence. Using provenance trials, we also find strong local adaptation between populations within a species. Comparing divergence and selection between these two scales of diversity we discover that one suite of traits predicts fitness differences between species and that an independent suite of traits predicts fitness variation within species. Selection drives divergence between species, contributing to speciation, while simultaneously favoring extensive diversity that is maintained across populations ..., These data are phenotypic measurements of three species of Phlox plants grown in three common gardens. We included 122 genotypes of Phlox amoena amoena (eight populations), 125 genotypes of Phlox pilosa pilosa (nine populations), and 37 genotypes of Phlox pilosa deamii (three populations) from throughout their native ranges for our common garden experiment. Each plant was propigated and clonaly replicated to include at least one clone in each of three field sites. Each field site included four blocks with randomized plants withint each block. We monitored fitness-related traits in the gardens over the course of three growing seasons between planting in April 2018 and final data collection in September 2020.We recorded damage from large vertebrate herbivores as a binary trait (0 = herbivore damage, 1 = no herbivore damage). We counted the total number of open flowers on each plant on a weekly basis from beginning of April through beginning of June 2019. Flowers on these taxa remain open ..., , # A multi-dimensional selective landscape drives adaptive divergence between and within closely related Phlox species

These data were collected on Phlox plants grown in three common gardens across three years.

## Description of the data and file structure

These data include a data sheet with field collected data compiled across three years. Each plant has a unique label (indicating location in a garden), the garden it was grown in (Amoena site, Pilosa site, Deamii site), the species or taxon of the individuals (amoena, pilosa, or deamii), whether the garden is the \"home\" or \"away\" garden depending on whether it matches the species or not, the population from which the individual is sourced, and the unique identifier of the genotypes. Each individual also has the population source location indicated with latitude and longitude. The traits collected in the field corresponding to fitness measures include herbivory in 2019 (0 is absent, 1 is present), flower number in 2019, fruit count...

自然选择可驱动同一物种种内不同种群间的局部适应，同时引发不同物种间的分化。然而目前尚不明确，在这两个演化尺度下，选择的作用强度或对选择的响应模式是否存在相似性。本研究表明，自然选择驱动近缘物种间分化的模式，与物种种内种群间的局部适应模式存在显著差异。我们以三种福禄考（Phlox）野生植物为研究对象，通过互作移植实验（reciprocal transplant experiments）表征了广泛存在的适应性分化；同时通过种源试验（provenance trials），证实了物种种内种群间存在强烈的局部适应。通过对比这两个多样性尺度下的分化与选择模式，我们发现：一套性状可预测物种间的适合度差异，而另一套独立的性状则可解释物种种内种群间的适合度变异。自然选择既推动物种间分化、助力物种形成，同时也青睐并维持了种群间广泛存在的多样性。本数据集为在三个共同花园试验场（common gardens）中种植的三种福禄考（Phlox）的表型测量数据。

本次共同花园试验共纳入了来自其自然分布区的122份美丽福禄考原亚种（Phlox amoena amoena，8个种群）、125份毛福禄考原亚种（Phlox pilosa pilosa，9个种群）以及37份毛福禄考迪阿米亚种（Phlox pilosa deamii，3个种群）的基因型材料。所有植株均经克隆繁殖，并在三个试验场各至少保留一个克隆株；每个试验场均设置4个区组，区组内植株采用完全随机排列。本试验于2018年4月定植，至2020年9月完成最终数据收集，历时3个生长季，期间对试验场中与适合度相关的性状进行了监测。我们将大型脊椎动物取食造成的损伤记录为二分类性状（0=受取食损伤，1=未受取食损伤）；并于2019年4月初至6月初每周统计每株植株的开放花朵总数。该类群的花朵可持续开放……
# 多维选择景观驱动近缘福禄考物种种间及种内的适应性分化

本数据集基于三年间在三个共同花园试验场中种植的福禄考（Phlox）植株采集所得。

## 数据与文件结构说明
本数据集包含一份整合了三年野外采集数据的数据表。每株植株均配有唯一标识（用于指示其在试验场中的位置）、所属试验场信息（美丽福禄考试验场、毛福禄考试验场、迪阿米福禄考试验场）、个体所属物种或类群（美丽福禄考、毛福禄考或迪阿米福禄考）、该试验场是否为该物种的"home"（本地）或"away"（异地）试验场（即与物种原生境匹配与否）、个体的来源种群，以及基因型唯一标识符。每个个体还附带其来源种群的经纬度坐标。野外采集的适合度相关性状包括：2019年的植食为害情况（0表示未发生，1表示发生）、2019年的花朵数量、果实数量……