Stanislaus Joyce

Stanislaus JoyceLike his brother James, Stanislaus Joyce was Jesuit-educated at Belvedere College (1893-1902) but later became an anti-clerical agnostic and radical liberal. During their years together in Dublin he knew his older brother, whom he regarded as a genius, better than anyone. James discussed his work with him and introduced him to many of his literary friends. Stanislaus recorded a series of descriptions, confessions, narrations, and comments in a sort-of diary for 1903-1905. JJ used episodes and phrases from this account of their wretched family life as well as his brother's unhappy work experiences particularly in Dubliners and A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man.In 1905, Stanislaus joined JJ and Nora in Trieste where he was to remain for the rest of his life. A conscientious worker, he proved to be the main support of their household. Stanislaus grew to detest his father and how he treated his sisters in Dublin. During WW1, which James spent in Zurich, Stanislaus's outspoken politics and criticism of the clergy led to internment in Austria. The brothers grew apart after the war.In 1927 Stanislaus married Nelly Lichtensteiger, and their son James was born in 1943. Despite becoming an Irish citizen, Stanislaus was confined in Florence during WW2. Later back in Trieste, he worked as an interpreter for the allies and began selling his brother's literary manuscripts which he had hoarded. He made his personal archive available to Richard Ellmann whose biography of JJ (1959) was strongly influenced by Stanislaus's viewpoint. After his death in 1955, his wife sold his personal collection, a valuable documentation of the family background and his brother's early life, to Cornell University. My Brother's Keeper: James Joyce's Early Years was published posthumously in 1958. Tim O'Neill

斯坦尼斯劳斯·乔伊斯，与他的兄弟詹姆斯·乔伊斯一样，在贝尔维迪尔学院（1893-1902年）接受了耶稣会教育，但后来成为了一名反教权、不可知论且激进的自由主义者。在都柏林与他们共同度过的岁月里，他对年长的兄弟的了解超过了任何人。詹姆斯与他讨论了自己的作品，并向他介绍了许多文学友人。斯坦尼斯劳斯在1903-1905年间，在一个类似日记的记录中，记录了一系列描述、忏悔、叙述和评论。他的兄弟JJ利用了这些关于他们悲惨家庭生活的片段和短语，以及他在《都柏林人》和《一个青年艺术家的画像》中描述的兄弟不幸的工作经历。1905年，斯坦尼斯劳斯加入了他的兄弟JJ和诺拉前往的特里este，并在那里度过了余生。作为一名尽职尽责的劳动者，他成为了他们家庭的主要支柱。斯坦尼斯劳斯逐渐憎恨他的父亲以及他在都柏林对待姐妹的方式。在第一次世界大战期间，詹姆斯在苏黎世度过，斯坦尼斯劳斯直言不讳的政治立场和对教会的批评导致他在奥地利被拘留。战争之后，兄弟俩的关系逐渐疏远。1927年，斯坦尼斯劳斯与内莉·利希滕施泰格结婚，他们的儿子詹姆斯于1943年出生。尽管成为了爱尔兰公民，斯坦尼斯劳斯在第二次世界大战期间被限制在佛罗伦萨。后来回到特里este，他成为盟军的翻译，并开始出售他收藏的兄弟的文学手稿。他将自己的个人档案提供给理查德·艾尔曼，其于1959年出版的JJ传记深受斯坦尼斯劳斯观点的影响。1955年斯坦尼斯劳斯去世后，他的妻子将他的个人收藏，一份关于家庭背景和兄弟早年生活的宝贵文献，出售给了康奈尔大学。《我兄弟的守护者：詹姆斯·乔伊斯早年生涯》于1958年作为遗著出版。蒂姆·奥尼尔