祁连山综合观测网：黑河流域地表过程综合观测网（垭口站自动气象站-2020）

该数据集包含了2020年1月1日至2020年12月31日黑河流域地表过程综合观测网上游垭口站气象要素观测数据。站点位于青海省祁连县大冬树垭口，下垫面是高寒草甸。观测点的经纬度是100.2421E, 38.0142N，海拔4148m。发布的数据包括空气温度、相对湿度传感器架设在5m处，朝向正北；气压计安装在地面上的防撬箱内；翻斗式雨量计安装在2m处；风速与风向传感器架设在10m，朝向正北；四分量辐射仪在气象塔6m处，朝向正南；两个红外温度计安装在6m处，朝向正南，探头朝向是垂直向下；土壤温度探头埋设在地表0cm和地下4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm、160cm处；土壤水分探头埋设在地下4cm、10cm、20cm、40cm、80cm、120cm、160cm处；土壤热流板埋设在地下6cm处，在距离气象塔2m的正南方。
观测项目有：空气温湿度（Ta_5m、RH_5m）(单位：摄氏度、百分比)、气压（Press）(单位：百帕)、降水量（Rain）(单位：毫米)、风速（WS_10m）(单位：米/秒)、风向（WD_10m）(单位：度)、四分量辐射（DR、UR、DLR_Cor、ULR_Cor、Rn）(单位：瓦/平方米)、地表辐射温度（IRT_1、IRT_2）(单位：摄氏度)、土壤热通量（Gs_1、Gs_2、Gs_3）(单位：瓦/平方米)、土壤温度（Ts_0cm、Ts_4cm、Ts_10cm、Ts_20cm、Ts_40cm、Ts_80cm、Ts_120cm、Ts_160cm）(单位：摄氏度)、土壤水分（Ms_4cm、Ms_10cm、Ms_20cm、Ms_40cm、Ms_80cm、Ms_120cm、Ms_160cm）(单位：体积含水量，百分比)。
观测数据的处理与质量控制：（1）确保每天144个数据（每10min），若出现数据的缺失，则由-6999标示；由于传感器问题，四分量辐射断续出现问题；由于积雪覆盖太阳能板导致供电问题，2.2-4.25间数据缺失；（2）剔除有重复记录的时刻；（3）删除了明显超出物理意义或超出仪器量程的数据；（4）数据中以红字标示的部分为有疑问的数据；（5）日期和时间的格式统一，并且日期、时间在同一列。如，时间为：2020-9-10 10:30；（6）命名规则为：AWS+站点名称。
黑河综合观测网或站点信息请参考Liu et al. (2018)，观测数据处理请参考Liu et al. (2011)。

This dataset contains meteorological element observation data from the Yakou Station, the upstream station of the Heihe River Basin Surface Process Comprehensive Observation Network, covering the period from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020. The station is located at Dadongshu Yakou, Qilian County, Qinghai Province, with an underlying surface of alpine meadow. The coordinates of the observation site are 100.2421°E, 38.0142°N, and the elevation is 4148 m.

The installation details of the observation sensors are as follows: Air temperature and relative humidity sensors were installed at 5 m above the ground, facing north; the barometer was installed in a tamper-proof box on the ground; the tipping-bucket rain gauge was installed at 2 m above the ground; wind speed and direction sensors were installed at 10 m above the ground, facing north; four-component radiometers were installed at 6 m height on the meteorological tower, facing south; two infrared thermometers were installed at 6 m height on the meteorological tower, facing south with their probes pointing vertically downward; soil temperature probes were buried at 0 cm (surface) and 4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, 160 cm underground; soil moisture probes were buried at 4 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 40 cm, 80 cm, 120 cm, 160 cm underground; soil heat flux plates were buried at 6 cm underground, 2 m directly south of the meteorological tower.

The released observation items include: Air temperature and relative humidity (Ta_5m, RH_5m) with units of degrees Celsius and percentage respectively; Barometric pressure (Press) with unit of hectopascals; Precipitation (Rain) with unit of millimeters; Wind speed (WS_10m) with unit of meters per second; Wind direction (WD_10m) with unit of degrees; Four-component radiation (DR, UR, DLR_Cor, ULR_Cor, Rn) with unit of watts per square meter; Surface radiation temperature (IRT_1, IRT_2) with unit of degrees Celsius; Soil heat flux (Gs_1, Gs_2, Gs_3) with unit of watts per square meter; Soil temperature (Ts_0cm, Ts_4cm, Ts_10cm, Ts_20cm, Ts_40cm, Ts_80cm, Ts_120cm, Ts_160cm) with unit of degrees Celsius; Soil moisture (Ms_4cm, Ms_10cm, Ms_20cm, Ms_40cm, Ms_80cm, Ms_120cm, Ms_160cm) with unit of volumetric water content (percentage).

Data processing and quality control measures for the observation data are specified as follows: (1) Ensure 144 data records per day (one record every 10 minutes). Missing data are marked with -6999; Intermittent issues with four-component radiation data were caused by sensor malfunctions; Data from February 2 to April 25 are missing due to power supply problems caused by snow cover on solar panels; (2) Remove records with duplicate timestamps; (3) Delete data that obviously exceed physical limits or instrument measurement ranges; (4) Data marked in red indicate questionable records; (5) Unified date and time format, with date and time recorded in the same column, e.g., 2020-9-10 10:30; (6) The naming rule is: AWS+station name.

For information on the Heihe River Basin Comprehensive Observation Network and its stations, please refer to Liu et al. (2018); for data processing procedures, please refer to Liu et al. (2011).