Impact of oral and mental health over the quality of life of older people in a Family Health Unit

ABSTRACT Objective This study sought to analyze the impact of oral and mental health on the quality of life of older people enrolled in a Family Health Unit, as well as its associated factors. Methods This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, exploratory study, conducted through interviews. The probabilistic sample consisted of 86 older people, users of the unit, aged 60 and over, dependent or independent, from both sexes. The methodological frameworks adopted for data collection were the evaluation of oral health conditions (edentulism) and the structured interview, employing oral health perception questionnaires (SB-Brazil), the OHIP – 14 (Oral Health Impact Profile), and the PHQ-2 (Patient Health Questionnaire – Two Items) screening tool for depressive disorders. Secondary data was collected from e-SUS individual records (e-SUS Primary Care). Results The majority of the sample (64%) was female, between 60 and 90 years old (mean of 72.4 years). Most frequently occurring OHIP-14 dimensions were pain (16.3%) and psychological disability (11.6%). The variables age, income, schooling, need for and use of prostheses, activities of daily living (ADL), self-reported diseases (diabetes, hypertension and cancer) had no significant association with quality of life measures related to oral health. A good correlation and association (p < 0.001) between PHQ-2 (depressive disorders) and OHIP-14 scores was observed. Conclusion In conclusion, an association between oral and mental health can be observed in older people; thus, for this population-especially in the case of older women oral and mental health care requires an extensive and multiprofessional approach, aimed at improving quality of life.

摘要
研究目的：本研究旨在分析纳入家庭健康单元（Family Health Unit）的老年人群口腔与心理健康对其生活质量的影响，以及相关关联因素。
方法：本研究为横断面描述性探索性研究，通过访谈法开展。概率抽样样本包含86名该单元的老年使用者，年龄≥60岁，性别不限，自理能力分为依赖与独立两类。数据收集采用的方法学框架包括口腔健康状况（无牙症（edentulism））评估、结构化访谈，辅以口腔健康感知问卷（SB-Brazil）、口腔健康影响程度量表14项版（OHIP – 14, Oral Health Impact Profile），以及抑郁障碍筛查工具——患者健康问卷2项版（PHQ-2, Patient Health Questionnaire – Two Items）。此外，还从e-SUS基层医疗记录（e-SUS Primary Care）中提取了二手数据。
结果：本研究样本中64%为女性，年龄介于60至90岁之间，平均年龄为72.4岁。OHIP-14量表中得分占比最高的维度为疼痛维度（16.3%）与心理功能障碍维度（11.6%）。年龄、收入、受教育程度、义齿的需求与使用情况、日常生活活动能力（Activities of Daily Living, ADL）、自我报告的疾病（糖尿病、高血压与癌症）均与口腔健康相关生活质量无显著关联。研究观察到PHQ-2抑郁障碍筛查得分与OHIP-14量表得分之间存在良好的相关性与关联性（p < 0.001）。
结论：综上，老年人群的口腔与心理健康之间存在关联；因此，针对该人群——尤其是老年女性——的口腔与心理健康照护需采用全面的多专业协作模式，以提升其生活质量。