OntoNotes Release 5.0

Introduction OntoNotes Release 5.0 is the final release of the OntoNotes project, a collaborative effort between BBN Technologies, the University of Colorado, the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Southern Californias Information Sciences Institute. The goal of the project was to annotate a large corpus comprising various genres of text (news, conversational telephone speech, weblogs, usenet newsgroups, broadcast, talk shows) in three languages (English, Chinese, and Arabic) with structural information (syntax and predicate argument structure) and shallow semantics (word sense linked to an ontology and coreference). OntoNotes Release 5.0 contains the content of earlier releases -- OntoNotes Release 1.0 LDC2007T21, OntoNotes Release 2.0 LDC2008T04, OntoNotes Release 3.0 LDC2009T24 and OntoNotes Release 4.0 LDC2011T03 -- and adds source data from and/or additional annotations for, newswire (News), broadcast news (BN), broadcast conversation (BC), telephone conversation (Tele) and web data (Web) in English and Chinese and newswire data in Arabic. Also contained is English pivot text (Old Testament and New Testament text). This cumulative publication consists of 2.9 million words with counts shown in the table below.                Arabic        English      Chinese         News         300k         625k         250k BN             n/a            200k          250k BC             n/a            200k          150k Web            n/a           300k         150k Tele            n/a            120k          100k Pivot           n/a            n/a            300k The OntoNotes project built on two time-tested resources, following the Penn Treebank for syntax and the Penn PropBank for predicate-argument structure. Its semantic representation includes word sense disambiguation for nouns and verbs, with some word senses connected to an ontology, and coreference. Data Documents describing the annotation guidelines and the routines for deriving various views of the data from the database are included in the documentation directory of this release. The annotation is provided both in separate text files for each annotation layer (Treebank, PropBank, word sense, etc.) and in the form of an integrated relational database (ontonotes-v5.0.sql.gz) with a Python API to provide convenient cross-layer access. It is a known issue that this release contains some non-validating XML files. The included tools, however, use a non-validating XML parser to parse the .xml files and load the appropriate values. Tools This release includes OntoNotes DB Tool v0.999 beta, the tool used to assemble the database from the original annotation files. It can be found in the directory tools/ontonotes-db-tool-v0.999b. This tool can be used to derive various views of the data from the database, and it provides an API that can implement new queries or views. Licensing information for the OntoNotes DB Tool package is included in its source directory. Samples Please view these samples: Chinese Arabic English Updates Additional documentation was added on December 11, 2014 and is included in downloads after that date. Acknowledgment This work is supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, GALE Program Grant No. HR0011-06-1-003. The content of this publication does not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Government, and no official endorsement should be inferred. Copyright Portions © 2006 Abu Dhabi TV, © 2006 Agence France Presse, © 2006 Al-Ahram, © 2006 Al Alam News Channel, © 2006 Al Arabiya, © 2006 Al Hayat, © 2006 Al Iraqiyah, © 2006 Al Quds-Al Arabi, © 2006 Anhui TV, © 2002, 2006 An Nahar, © 2006 Asharq-al-Awsat, © 2010 Bible League International, © 2005 Cable News Network, LP, LLLP, © 2000-2001 China Broadcasting System, © 2000-2001, 2005-2006 China Central TV, © 2006 China Military Online, © 2000-2001 China National Radio, © 2006 Chinanews.com, © 2000-2001 China Television System, © 1989 Dow Jones & Company, Inc., © 2006 Dubai TV, © 2006 Guangming Daily, © 2006 Kuwait TV, © 2005-2006 National Broadcasting Company, Inc., © 2006 New Tang Dynasty TV, © 2006 Nile TV, © 2006 Oman TV, © 2006 PAC Ltd, © 2006 Peoples Daily Online, © 2005-2006 Phoenix TV, © 2000-2001 Sinorama Magazine, © 2006 Syria TV, © 1996-1998, 2006 Xinhua News Agency, © 1996, 1997, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2013 Trustees of the University of Pennsylvania

引言
OntoNotes 5.0版发布包是OntoNotes项目的最终发布成果，该项目由BBN Technologies、科罗拉多大学、宾夕法尼亚大学以及南加州大学信息科学研究所（University of Southern California’s Information Sciences Institute）合作推进。本项目的目标是对涵盖三大语言（英语、汉语、阿拉伯语）、多文本体裁（新闻、会话电话语音、博客、新闻组、广播电视节目、脱口秀）的大规模语料进行标注，标注内容包含结构信息（句法与谓词论元结构）以及浅层语义信息（关联至本体的词义与共指关系）。

OntoNotes 5.0版发布包包含此前各版本的全部内容——OntoNotes 1.0版（LDC2007T21）、OntoNotes 2.0版（LDC2008T04）、OntoNotes 3.0版（LDC2009T24）以及OntoNotes 4.0版（LDC2011T03），并新增了英语、汉语的新闻专线（News）、广播电视新闻（Broadcast News, BN）、广播电视会话（Broadcast Conversation, BC）、电话会话（Telephone Conversation, Tele）与网络数据（Web），以及阿拉伯语的新闻专线数据的源语料与/或额外标注。本发布包同时包含英语枢轴文本（即《旧约》与《新约》文本）。

本合集总计包含290万词元，各语种与体裁的词量统计如下表所示：
| 体裁 | 阿拉伯语 | 英语 | 汉语 |
|------------|----------|--------|--------|
| 新闻（News） | 300k | 625k | 250k |
| 广播电视新闻（BN） | n/a | 200k | 250k |
| 广播电视会话（BC） | n/a | 200k | 150k |
| 网络数据（Web） | n/a | 300k | 150k |
| 电话会话（Tele） | n/a | 120k | 100k |
| 枢轴文本（Pivot） | n/a | n/a | 300k |

OntoNotes语料库基于两项久经考验的标注资源构建：句法标注沿用宾大树库（Penn Treebank），谓词论元结构标注沿用宾大谓词论元库（Penn PropBank）。其语义表征涵盖名词与动词的词义消歧任务，部分词义关联至本体知识库，同时包含共指关系标注。

数据
本发布包的文档目录中包含标注指南文档，以及从数据库中导出数据多维度视图的相关脚本。标注数据既按照各标注层（树库、谓词论元库、词义标注等）分别存储为独立文本文件，也以集成关系数据库（ontonotes-v5.0.sql.gz）的形式提供，并附带Python应用程序接口（API）以实现便捷的跨层访问。本发布包存在部分非验证型XML文件的已知问题，但附带工具将使用非验证型XML解析器处理.xml文件并加载对应数值。

工具
本发布包包含OntoNotes数据库工具v0.999测试版，该工具用于从原始标注文件组装数据库，存放于tools/ontonotes-db-tool-v0.999b目录下。该工具可从数据库中导出数据多维度视图，并提供可实现自定义查询或视图的API。OntoNotes数据库工具包的许可信息存放在其源码目录中。

示例
请查看以下示例文件：汉语、阿拉伯语、英语

更新
本发布包于2014年12月11日新增了部分文档，该日期之后的下载版本均包含新增文档。

致谢
本项目部分受美国国防高级研究计划局（Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, DARPA）GALE项目资助（资助编号：HR0011-06-1-003）。本发布包内容不代表美国政府的立场或政策，亦不构成官方背书。

版权
本发布包部分内容版权所有：© 2006 阿布扎比电视台、© 2006 法新社、© 2006 《金字塔报》、© 2006 阿拉姆新闻频道、© 2006 阿拉伯电视台、© 2006 《生活报》、© 2006 伊拉克电视台、© 2006 《耶路撒冷阿拉伯报》、© 2006 安徽电视台、© 2002、2006 《贝鲁特日报》、© 2006 《中东日报》、© 2010 国际圣经联盟、© 2005 有线电视新闻网有限责任合伙公司、© 2000-2001 中国广播系统、© 2000-2001、2005-2006 中国中央电视台、© 2006 中国军事在线、© 2000-2001 中国国际广播电台、© 2006 中新网、© 2000-2001 中国电视系统、© 1989 道琼斯公司、© 2006 迪拜电视台、© 2006 《光明日报》、© 2006 科威特电视台、© 2005-2006 美国全国广播公司、© 2006 新唐人电视台、© 2006 尼罗河电视台、© 2006 阿曼电视台、© 2006 PAC有限公司、© 2006 人民网、© 2005-2006 凤凰卫视、© 2000-2001 《汉声杂志》、© 2006 叙利亚电视台、© 1996-1998、2006 新华通讯社、© 1996、1997、2005、2007、2008、2009、2011、2013 宾夕法尼亚大学理事会。