Experience of investigation of ecosystem pyrogenic dynamics on the taiga and bare alpine landscapes of the Amur River region

The aim of the paper is to consider a complex of approaches and methods. These approaches and methods allowed to obtain a holistic picture of pyrogenic dynamics of ecosystems on the territory of the Bureya natural reserve (mountain taiga and golets (alpine) landscapes). Special materials, approaches, and methods of identification of dynamic relationships of ecosystems were used. Geobotanical and landscape releves of sample plots were made. Special attention was paid to the signs of fire disturbance: fire markings on living trees, deadwood and fallen, and coals in soils. The method of «the establishment of the succession (temporal) relations based on the study of spatial (ecological and phytocenotic) rows of communities» offered by V.D. Aleksandrova has played an important role. In the process of classification and ordination of vegetation, diverse analysis of vegetation cover and landscapes was made, an ecological niche and a dynamic status for each vegetation class was revealed. Sets of topographic maps and satellite images of different time incorporated into the geographic information system are important sources of information about fires. The map of burnt areas of the last century was elaborated. A special role belongs to the universal geobotanical map prepared at a scale of 1 : 200000, the map allowed us to obtain a more completed picture of dynamics of vegetation cover. As a result, main pyrogenic series of vegetation are revealed: both catastrophic changes under fire impact and after-fire demutation successions.

本研究旨在探讨一套综合的研究方法体系，以完整呈现布列亚自然保护区（涵盖山地泰加林与戈列茨（高山）景观）境内生态系统的野火动态全景。研究采用了专属研究材料、生态系统动态关系识别方法与技术，完成了样地的地植物学与景观学样方调查。研究重点关注火干扰相关特征：活立木、枯立木与倒木上的火痕，以及土壤中的炭屑。由В.Д.亚历山德罗夫（V.D. Aleksandrova）提出的「基于群落空间（生态与植物群落学）梯度序列研究构建演替（时间）关系」方法，在本研究中发挥了关键作用。在植被分类与排序环节，研究团队对植被覆盖与景观开展了多维度分析，明确了每一类植被群的生态位与动态属性。整合至地理信息系统（Geographic Information System）中的多期地形图与卫星影像，是火干扰相关信息的重要数据源。研究编制了上世纪火烧迹地分布图。比例尺为1:200000的通用地植物学地图发挥了特殊作用，该地图助力我们更全面地掌握了植被覆盖的动态变化全貌。最终，本研究明确了植被的主要野火演替序列：既包含火灾影响下的灾难性植被变化，也涵盖火后恢复演替。