Self-reported hearing loss and risk factors (Dillard et al., 2022)

<strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of self-reported hearing loss and associated risk factors in a representative population-based study of Wisconsin residents. <strong>Method:</strong> Survey of the Health of Wisconsin participants with data on self-reported hearing loss were included. We reported prevalence of self-reported hearing loss with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), overall, and stratified by age and sex. Age- and sex-adjusted and multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate determinants of self-reported hearing loss, and results are presented as odds ratios with corresponding 95% CIs. <strong>Results: </strong>There were 2,767 participants (50.7% men) with a mean age of 46 years (range: 21–74) in this study. Prevalence of self-reported hearing loss was 26.8% (24.4, 28.4) and was higher in men (30.3% [27.1, 33.4]) than in women (22.5% [19.9, 25.0]). Prevalence increased with age. After multivariable adjustment, age (per +1 year increase; 1.05 [1.04, 1.06]), male sex (1.57 [1.18, 2.08]), having two chronic diseases (vs. 0; 1.93 [1.16, 3.23]), occupational (2.47 [1.91, 3.19]) and recreational (1.58 [1.22, 2.04]) noise exposure, and poor diet (1.88 [1.28, 2.78]) were associated with higher odds of self-reported hearing loss. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hearing loss is a highly prevalent public health concern and may be at least partially modifiable via interventions to reduce noise exposure and promote health. Statewide prevalence and risk factor data can be used to inform public health practice and promote hearing loss prevention. <br> <strong>Supplemental Material S1. </strong>Odds ratios (<em>OR</em>s) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) from separate age-adjusted models of self-reported hearing loss stratified by sex. Estimates are weighted for the sampling design. <br> <strong>Supplemental Material S2.</strong> Odds ratios (<em>OR</em>s) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) from multivariable-adjusted models of self-reported hearing loss stratified by sex. Estimates are weighted for the sampling design. <br> Dillard, L. K., Walsh, M. C., Merten, N., Cruickshanks, K. J., &amp; Schultz, A. (2022). Prevalence of self-reported hearing loss and associated risk factors: Findings from the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin.<em> Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research</em>. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2022_JSLHR-21-00580

研究目的：本研究旨在通过一项针对威斯康星州居民的代表性人群研究，明确自我报告听力损失的患病率及其相关危险因素。
研究方法：纳入《威斯康星州健康调查》中具备自我报告听力损失相关数据的参与者。本研究报告了总体以及按年龄、性别分层的自我报告听力损失患病率及其对应的95%置信区间（95% confidence intervals, CIs）。采用年龄与性别校正及多变量logistic回归模型，评估自我报告听力损失的影响因素，结果以比值比（odds ratios, OR）及对应95%置信区间呈现。
研究结果：本研究共纳入2767名参与者，其中男性占50.7%，平均年龄为46岁（年龄范围：21~74岁）。自我报告听力损失的患病率为26.8%（95%CI：24.4, 28.4），男性患病率（30.3%，95%CI：27.1, 33.4）高于女性（22.5%，95%CI：19.9, 25.0）。患病率随年龄增长而升高。经多变量校正后，年龄（每增加1岁；OR=1.05，95%CI：1.04, 1.06）、男性性别（OR=1.57，95%CI：1.18, 2.08）、患2种慢性病（相较于无慢性病；OR=1.93，95%CI：1.16, 3.23）、职业性噪声暴露（OR=2.47，95%CI：1.91, 3.19）、休闲性噪声暴露（OR=1.58，95%CI：1.22, 2.04）以及不良饮食（OR=1.88，95%CI：1.28, 2.78）均与自我报告听力损失的更高患病比值相关。
研究结论：听力损失是一项患病率极高的公共卫生问题，可通过减少噪声暴露、促进健康的干预措施至少在一定程度上实现可防控。全州范围内的患病率及危险因素数据可用于指导公共卫生实践，助力听力损失预防工作。
补充材料S1：按性别分层的年龄校正自我报告听力损失模型的比值比（OR）及对应95%置信区间（CI），估计值已针对抽样设计进行加权处理。
补充材料S2：按性别分层的多变量校正自我报告听力损失模型的比值比（OR）及对应95%置信区间（CI），估计值已针对抽样设计进行加权处理。
Dillard, L. K., Walsh, M. C., Merten, N., Cruickshanks, K. J., & Schultz, A. (2022). 自我报告听力损失的患病率及其相关危险因素：来自威斯康星州健康调查的研究结果. 《言语、语言与听力研究杂志（Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research）》预印在线发表. https://doi.org/10.1044/2022_JSLHR-21-00580