Non-breeding European robins adjust their songs in noisy environments

Noise pollution is a global threat to biodiversity, significantly affecting acoustic communication in birds and other taxa. While European robins (Erithacus rubecula) adjust their songs in response to urban noise during the breeding season, little is known about song adjustments during the non-breeding season, when song plays a crucial role in survival by helping secure winter territories with adequate resources and shelter. To better understand the effect of noise on avian communication, we investigate whether robins modify their non-breeding song in noisy environments. We analysed the autumn songs of 25 robins exposed to varying background noise levels and found that robins increase the minimum frequency of their songs and extend phrase duration by singing fewer but longer syllables per phrase in noisy environments—adjustments that may mitigate acoustic masking. Our results provide valuable insights into the broader impact of urbanisation on bird communication and highlight the need t..., , # Dryad dataset

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.s1rn8pkm3](10.5061/dryad.s1rn8pkm3)

## Description of the data and file structure

To compile this dataset, we recorded 25 European robin (*Erithacus rubecula*) songs across six sites in the autumn of 2022 to explore whether noise pollution affected their non-breeding songs. After the focal robin stopped singing, we determined average background noise amplitude by taking a mean across four minutes. Hereafter, we scored the sound files in Raven Pro and extracted seven structural and frequency-based parameters. All data used in the analysis for the publication entitled \"Non-breeding European robins adjust their songs in noisy environments\" can be performed using this dataset.
### Files and variables

The dataset entitled \"Robin Song Data.csv\" consists of 13 columns containing all data used in the statistical analysis of the paper \"Non-breeding European robins adjust their songs in noisy environments\". Below is an outline of all variables repor...,

噪声污染是威胁全球生物多样性的重大问题，可显著干扰鸟类及其他类群的声学通讯行为。尽管欧亚鸲（*Erithacus rubecula*）在繁殖季会针对城市噪声调整鸣唱，但学界对其非繁殖季的鸣唱调整策略仍知之甚少——而在非繁殖季，鸣唱对个体存活至关重要，可帮助其获取资源充足、遮蔽条件优良的越冬领地。为明确噪声对鸟类通讯的影响机制，本研究探究了欧亚鸲是否会在噪声环境中调整其非繁殖季鸣唱。我们分析了2022年秋季采集的25只欧亚鸲鸣唱样本，这些个体所处的背景噪声水平存在差异。结果显示，在噪声环境下，欧亚鸲会提升鸣唱的最低频率，并通过减少单乐句内的音节数量、延长单个音节时长来增加乐句持续时间——这类调整或可缓解声学掩蔽效应。本研究结果为理解城市化对鸟类通讯的广泛影响提供了重要见解，并凸显了对...（原文未完成），# Dryad数据集

数据集DOI：10.5061/dryad.s1rn8pkm3

## 数据与文件结构说明
为构建本数据集，我们于2022年秋季在6个采样点录制了25只欧亚鸲（*Erithacus rubecula*）的鸣唱，以探究噪声污染对其非繁殖季鸣唱的影响。当目标个体停止鸣唱后，我们通过对4分钟的声级数据取平均值，计算得到背景噪声平均振幅。随后，我们使用Raven Pro软件对音频文件进行标注，并提取了7项结构与频率相关参数。本数据集包含了发表论文"Non-breeding European robins adjust their songs in noisy environments"的统计分析所需全部数据。

### 文件与变量
本数据集文件名为“Robin Song Data.csv”，包含13列数据，覆盖了该论文统计分析所需的全部变量。以下为所有报告变量的概述...（原文未完成）