Attitude towards blood donation and its associated factors, types of blood donation, willingness, and feeling towards blood donation among potential blood donors in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis, observational study

Blood donation is crucial for certain populations, such as pregnant mothers, anemic patients, traumatized patients, and individuals undergoing surgery. The imbalance between the number of blood donors and the demand for blood in Ethiopia is a serious public health concern. Having a favorable attitude towards blood donation could aid in correcting this imbalance. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the proportion of favorable attitudes, types of blood donation, willingness, and feelings towards blood donation in Ethiopia. Several databases were searched to retrieve the available articles. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed using the Galbraith plot with Cochrane I² statistics and funnel plot with Egger's test, respectively. Subgroup analysis was done to identify the cause of the substantial heterogeneity. The pooled prevalence of favorable attitudes about blood donation was 65.28% (60.10–70.47). A higher prevalence was reported among studies conducted after 2020, in Northern Ethiopia and among health care professionals: 72.66%, 68.45%, and 69.41%, respectively. The percentages of people who had good feelings, willing to donate, and encouraged others to donate are 83.99%, 74.23%, and 77.96%, respectively. Conversely, 42.84% of participants believe that risk will happen following donation. There was an association between knowledge and attitude towards blood donation (AOR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.48–2.99). The findings of this study may imply the preparation of a blood donation campaign that helps the community. Concerned bodies from governmental and non-governmental organizations may arrange and design community education, which may increase the number of voluntary donors.

献血对于特定人群至关重要，例如孕产妇、贫血患者、创伤患者及手术患者。埃塞俄比亚的献血者数量与血液需求之间的失衡是一项严峻的公共卫生问题。对献血持有积极态度，有助于扭转这一失衡局面。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚民众对献血的积极态度占比、献血类型、献血意愿及相关感受。本研究团队检索了多个数据库，以获取已发表的相关研究文献。分别采用结合Cochrane I²统计量的Galbraith图（Galbraith plot）与结合Egger检验（Egger's test）的漏斗图，对研究的异质性与发表偏倚进行评估。此外通过亚组分析，明确了导致显著异质性的来源。献血积极态度的合并患病率为65.28%（95%置信区间[95% Confidence Interval, 95% CI]：60.10–70.47）。亚组分析结果显示，2020年后开展的研究、埃塞俄比亚北部地区的研究以及针对医护人员的亚组中，该患病率更高，分别达72.66%、68.45%与69.41%。对献血持有良好感受、愿意献血及鼓励他人献血的人群占比分别为83.99%、74.23%与77.96%。与之相对，42.84%的参与者认为献血后存在健康风险。民众对献血的认知与态度之间存在显著关联（调整后优势比[Adjusted Odds Ratio, AOR] = 1.76；95%置信区间：1.48–2.99）。本研究结果可为社区献血宣传活动的筹备提供科学依据，政府及非政府组织的相关主管机构可筹划并开展社区教育项目，以扩大自愿献血者队伍。