中国油桐种质资源研究

该项目系林木遗传育种的基础研究， 历时30年， 全面系统研究了我国重要经济树种油桐的种质资源。遍及南方15省66地区233县近70万公顷油桐林， 对1712片标准地的85500株标准株共取得2400余万调查数据， 共搜集光桐和皱桐151品种5649基因型号， 分省(区)建立基因库24座， 试验基地30处， 迁地保存基因型2325号。共评选出优良品种39个， 优良基因型30个。在15省(区)扩大造林12万多公顷， 使全国油桐林良种覆盖率达11.5%。研究内容涉及各油桐种类和品种、基因型的形态学、生物学、生态学、遗传学、栽培学、经济性状等。应用现代数值分类方法与传统分类方法相结合， 进行品种分类， 用11个生态因子的数值分类法划分中国油桐栽培区为3带8区， 合理实用。6年增产桐油1亿多公斤， 增加产值12亿余元。

This project is basic research on forest tree genetics and breeding, spanning 30 years, which comprehensively and systematically investigated the germplasm resources of Vernicia fordii, an important economic tree species in China. Covering nearly 700,000 hectares of Vernicia fordii forests across 66 regions in 233 counties of 15 southern provinces, it collected over 24 million survey data points from 85,500 standard trees in 1,712 standard plots. A total of 151 cultivars and 5,649 gene accessions of smooth-shelled tung (Vernicia fordii) and wrinkled-shelled tung (Vernicia montana) were collected. Twenty-four germplasm gene banks and 30 experimental bases were established at the provincial and autonomous regional levels, with 2,325 genotypes preserved via ex situ conservation. A total of 39 superior cultivars and 30 superior genotypes were selected. Afforestation was expanded to more than 120,000 hectares across the 15 provinces (autonomous regions), raising the national improved variety coverage rate of Vernicia fordii forests to 11.5%. The research covers morphology, biology, ecology, genetics, cultivation science and economic traits of all Vernicia fordii taxa, cultivars and genotypes. Combining modern numerical taxonomy and traditional taxonomy for cultivar classification, the cultivation regions of Chinese Vernicia fordii were divided into 3 zones and 8 districts using numerical taxonomy based on 11 ecological factors, a classification that is both reasonable and practical. Over the six years following the promotion of the improved varieties, the project boosted tung oil output by over 100 million kilograms and generated an additional output value of over 1.2 billion yuan.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集基于历时30年的研究，全面收集了中国油桐的种质资源，覆盖南方15省，涉及2400余万调查数据、151品种和5649基因型号，建立了24座基因库和30处试验基地。研究通过数值分类方法划分了3带8区的栽培区，评选出39个优良品种和30个优良基因型，推广造林后使全国油桐林良种覆盖率达11.5%，并在6年内实现增产桐油1亿多公斤和增加产值12亿余元，具有重要的科学和经济价值。