Estimated California smoking prevalence, cigarettes per capita, and per capita healthcare expenditures.

*Equation 3 with hCA, t as dependent variable instead of nCA, t and hc, t as explanatory variable instead of nc, t.
†significant at the 5% level.
r1: first order autocorrelation coefficient.
prevj, t: Prevalence of current smoking in population j, for California and control states in year t,(percentage points).
cpsj, t: Cigarettes consumption per current smoker in population j, for California and control states in year t, (packs/year per smoker).
ECj, t: Cumulative per capita funding in population j, for California and control states in year t, (dollars).
pj, t: Price per pack of cigarettes in population j, for California and control states in year t, (dollars).
yj, t: Per capita personal income in population j, for California and control states in year t, (thousands of dollars).
nj, t: Per capita healthcare expenditures in population j, for California and control states in year t, (thousands of dollars).
hj, t: Per capita healthcare expenditures in population j, for California and control states in year t, (thousands of dollars).