METHODOLOGIES FOR THE EVALUATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF LOADING AND UNLOADING OPERATIONS IN CITY CENTERS

ROTATION ANALYSIS
In order to understand freight facilities demand in the city center and characterize the operation, rotation counts of freight operations were developed based following on-street parking analysis methodology presented in Cardenas & Cal y Mayor (2007).

LEVEL OF SERVICE
Loading and unloading performance analysis methodology found in Alho & Silva (2014) was selected as the most appropriate for this context, due to there is a high dependence on bay infrastructure for loading and loading operations and because this methodology was developed in a context of low data availability.

STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS
Multi-Actor Multi-Criteria Analysis – MAMCA (Macharis et al., 2010) permitted to conclude that a combined set of strategies for loading and uploading operations in city centers should be implemented to raise parking offer and adapt to different demand conditions in terms of schedules and vehicles sizes. Some strategies requires a strong set of public incentives, including tax benefits and land price controls for logistic use. For this MAMCA analysis the surveys were completed as follows: 10 from Shippers/Carriers, 101 from receivers (Question PRO application used), 6 from authorities, 3 from residents (community leaders) and 2 from academics. According to the Cali Economic Census (DANE, 2006) there are approximately 4222 economic units in Cali city center, of which 23% belong to the retail trading sector for food, drinks and tobacco, the biggest group (CIIU Code 5211 of Chamber of Commerce). We decided to start our research with this type of commerce (971 units) and we have obtained responses from approximately 13% of them, so this represents a statistical confidence level of 90% (Torres, Paz, & Salazar, 2006). We developed 9 questionnaires for the enterprises that can represent approximately the 18% of the total shipper size in Cali city center (Bavaria, Coca-Cola, Productos Cárnicos, Productos Enrico, Distribuidora Colombina, Distribuidora Alpina, Pollos El Galpón, Quesos la Florida, Nutresa). We also interviewed 9 trade leaders and managers of parcel transport companies, (Cavasa, Andi, Adicomex, Sociedad Portuaria, Gids, Posey (International Freight Forwarders), Fedetranscol, Concretesa (Project’s Manager), Fenalco, Grecocentro).

周转率分析
为明晰市中心货运设施需求并刻画运营特征，本研究基于Cardenas与Cal y Mayor（2007）提出的路内停车分析方法，构建了货运作业周转率统计方法。

服务水平
鉴于装卸作业高度依赖泊位基础设施，且该方法适配数据可获得性较低的研究场景，本研究选用Alho与Silva（2014）提出的装卸作业绩效分析方法作为本场景的最优方案。

利益相关者分析
多主体多准则分析（Multi-Actor Multi-Criteria Analysis，简称MAMCA，Macharis等，2010）结果显示，需实施市中心装卸作业组合策略，以提升泊位供给能力，并适配不同时段与车型的需求特征。部分策略需配套强有力的公共激励措施，包括针对物流用途的税收优惠与地价管控。
本次MAMCA分析的调研样本分布如下：货主/承运商10份、收货方101份（采用Question PRO平台开展调研）、管理部门6份、居民（社区代表）3份以及学术界人士2份。
根据哥伦比亚国家行政统计总局（DANE，2006）发布的卡利市经济普查数据，卡利市中心共有约4222个经济单元，其中23%属于食品、饮料与烟草零售贸易板块，为规模最大的行业（对应哥伦比亚商会CIIU行业编码5211）。本研究选取该类商业业态（共971个单元）作为初始研究对象，最终回收有效样本约占其总量的13%，据此可达到90%的统计置信水平（Torres、Paz与Salazar，2006）。
本研究为卡利市中心约占货主总规模18%的9家代表性企业设计了调研问卷，涵盖巴伐利亚（Bavaria）、可口可乐（Coca-Cola）、Productos Cárnicos、Productos Enrico、Distribuidora Colombina、Distribuidora Alpina、Pollos El Galpón、Quesos la Florida以及Nutresa共9家企业。此外，本研究还访谈了9位快递运输企业的行业负责人与经理，涉及企业包括Cavasa、Andi、Adicomex、Sociedad Portuaria、Gids、国际货运代理公司Posey、Fedetranscol、项目管理方Concretesa、Fenalco以及Grecocentro。