Women can´t jump?—An experiment on competitive attitudes and stereotype threat [Dataset]

Gneezy et al. (2003) offer a partial explanation for the wage gap between men and women. In an experiment they found that women react less to competitive incentives. The task they used in their experiment can however be considered a male task. We replicate the experiment and extend it by treatments with a gender-neutral task and a female task. For the male task we replicate their results, but for the neutral task women react as strongly to incentives than men and for the female task women react stronger than men. Our findings suggest a stereotype threat explanation. Women tend not to compete with men in areas where they (rightly or wrongly) think that they will lose anyway – and the same holds for men, although to a lower extent.

格尼茨等学者（Gneezy et al.，2003）为男女薪资差距问题提供了部分解释。他们在一项实验中发现，女性对竞争性激励的反应程度弱于男性。但该实验所采用的任务可被界定为男性化任务。本研究对该实验进行了重复，并增设性别中立任务与女性化任务两类实验处理以拓展研究范畴。针对男性化任务，我们成功复现了他们的实验结果；而在性别中立任务中，女性对激励的反应强度与男性相当；在女性化任务中，女性的反应强度则高于男性。本研究结果支持刻板印象威胁（stereotype threat）这一解释框架：女性往往会在自认为（无论判断正确与否）终将落败的领域回避与男性竞争；男性同样存在此类倾向，只是程度相对更低。