GroMoPo Metadata for Monterey sea water intrusion model

This study presents a method to assess the contributions of 21st-century sea-level rise and groundwater extraction to sea water intrusion in coastal aquifers. Sea water intrusion is represented by the landward advance of the 10,000 mg/L iso-salinity line, a concentration of dissolved salts that renders groundwater unsuitable for human use. A mathematical formulation of the resolution of sea water intrusion among its causes was quantified via numerical simulation under scenarios of change in groundwater extraction and sea-level rise in the 21st century. The developed method is illustrated with simulations of sea water intrusion in the Seaside Area sub-basin near the City of Monterey, California (USA), where predictions of mean sea-level rise through the early 21st century range from 0.10 to 0.90 m due to increasing global mean surface temperature. The modeling simulation was carried out with a state-of-the-art numerical model that accounts for the effects of salinity on groundwater density and can approximate hydrostratigraphic geometry closely. Simulations of sea water intrusion corresponding to various combinations of groundwater extraction and sea-level rise established that groundwater extraction is the predominant driver of sea water intrusion in the study aquifer. The method presented in this work is applicable to coastal aquifers under a variety of other scenarios of change not considered in this work. For example, one could resolve what changes in groundwater extraction and/or sea level would cause specified levels of groundwater salinization at strategic locations and times.

本研究提出一种量化方法，用以评估21世纪海平面上升与地下水抽取对沿海含水层海水入侵的贡献程度。本研究以10000mg/L等盐度线（iso-salinity line）向陆推进作为海水入侵的表征指标——该溶解盐浓度下的地下水已不适用于人类使用。本研究通过构建海水入侵成因分解的数学框架，并基于21世纪地下水抽取与海平面上升的变化情景开展数值模拟，实现了各驱动因素贡献的量化分析。本研究以美国加利福尼亚州蒙特雷市附近的海滨地区次级流域为案例，开展海水入侵数值模拟以验证所提方法的有效性；该区域预计到21世纪早期，受全球平均地表温度上升影响，海平面上升幅度将达0.10至0.90米。本次模拟采用当前最先进的数值模型，该模型可考虑盐度对地下水密度的影响，并能精准逼近水文地层的几何形态。针对不同地下水抽取与海平面上升组合情景开展的海水入侵模拟结果表明，在本研究的含水层中，地下水抽取是海水入侵的主要驱动因素。本研究提出的方法可推广应用于本研究未涵盖的多种其他变化情景下的沿海含水层研究。例如，可通过该方法反推，在特定位置与时间节点达到指定地下水盐渍化程度时，地下水抽取与/或海平面所需发生的变化量。