Figure source data for storm-time Ca⁺ uplift over Mohe on 1 January 2025 (lidar, DCOI, ionosonde, WACCM-X, OMNI)

This Zenodo record provides the processed source data used to generate the figures in the accompanying study of storm-time thermosphere–ionosphere Ca⁺ dynamics over Mohe, China (122.3°E, 53.5°N), during the severe geomagnetic storm on 1 January 2025. The dataset is intended to support figure-level reproducibility and facilitate independent replotting and comparison. The figure source data integrate multiple observations and model products, including: (i) ground-based resonance-fluorescence lidar observations of altitude-resolved Ca⁺ number density and derived layer parameters, including centroid altitude, peak altitude, peak density, column abundance, and density-structure evolution; (ii) colocated thermospheric neutral winds from Dual-Channel Optical Interferometer (DCOI) observations; (iii) ionosonde parameters characterizing E- and F-region variability; (iv) regional WACCM-X outputs over the Mohe sector, including electric-field magnitude |E|, electron column density, vertical ion drift, thermospheric temperature, and neutral winds; and (v) curated solar-wind and geomagnetic parameters, including IMF Bz, Dst, AE, Kp, and |B|, based on OMNI products. The files are organized according to the figures in the revised manuscript (Figures 1–7) and contain the processed time series, altitude profiles, and derived parameters used to generate the final plots. Supporting data for the WACCM-X height–time neutral-wind analysis and altitude-band comparison in Figures S1 and S2 are also included where applicable. This record provides processed figure-source data rather than raw instrument measurements. The current version has been updated to correspond to the revised manuscript submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. Major updates include the revised WACCM-X electrodynamic diagnostics, the conventional Dst-based temporal analysis, propagated DCOI wind uncertainties, and the updated neutral-wind and Ca⁺ wind-coupling analyses. These data support the study of storm-time metallic-ion redistribution, ion–neutral coupling, and model–observation comparisons under disturbed geomagnetic conditions.