Impact of direct and second-hand smoking on lung function and aerobic capacity.

Background: Smoking is considered the worldwide most preventable cause of death and a major predictor of mortality for Cardiovascular disorders. This study aims to investigate the impact of smoking including active and passive on pulmonary function as well as aerobic capacity among the young population and understand potential physiological mechanisms underlying such variations. Methods: 60 participants with a mean age of 21.7±1.4 were randomly divided into three groups: Active, Passive, and Non-smokers. Demographic details and anthropometric measurements were taken before the pulmonary function test and Cardiopulmonary fitness. To assess the Pulmonary Function, participants were instructed to exhale forcefully in the spirometer for at least 6 seconds after maximum inspiration. For the Aerobic capacity, participants were instructed to step up and down for 3 minutes on a wooden stand of height 41.3 cm with a cadence of 22 steps/minute for females and 24 steps/minute for males. Heart rate was recorded immediately after the test for 15 seconds and multiplied by 4 to obtain the rate per minute. Result: The result of this study revealed that smokers have lower Aerobic Capacity and FEV1/FVC as compared to Non-smokers and Passive smokers. It has been also observed that smoking history has a fair correlation with Aerobic capacity (r = 0.20) and a negative correlation with FEV1/FVC (r = -0.22) Conclusion: The present study concluded that smoking has an adverse effect on Aerobic Capacity and Pulmonary Function. Keywords: Aerobic capacity, Pulmonary function test, Smoking

背景：吸烟被认为是全球范围内最可预防的致死因素，同时也是心血管疾病（Cardiovascular disorders）死亡的重要预测因子。本研究旨在探究主动吸烟（active smoking）与被动吸烟（passive smoking）对青年人群肺功能（pulmonary function）及有氧运动能力（aerobic capacity）的影响，并阐明此类差异背后的潜在生理机制（physiological mechanisms）。方法：本研究纳入60名平均年龄为21.7±1.4岁的受试者，按随机分组原则分为主动吸烟组、被动吸烟组与非吸烟组三组。在肺功能测试（Pulmonary function test）与心肺耐力（cardiopulmonary fitness）测试前，采集受试者的人口学信息及人体测量学指标（anthropometric measurements）。为评估肺功能，要求受试者在最大吸气（maximum inspiration）后，于肺量计（spirometer）中用力呼气至少6秒。针对有氧运动能力的测试，要求受试者在高度为41.3cm的木质台阶上进行上下梯运动：女性受试者的步频（cadence）为22步/分钟，男性为24步/分钟，持续运动3分钟。测试结束后立即记录受试者15秒的心率（heart rate），将其乘以4换算为每分钟心率。结果：本研究结果显示，与非吸烟组及被动吸烟组相比，主动吸烟组受试者的有氧运动能力与FEV1/FVC比值更低。同时研究发现，吸烟史（smoking history）与有氧运动能力呈中等程度相关（r=0.20），与FEV1/FVC比值呈负相关（r=-0.22）。结论：本研究证实，吸烟对有氧运动能力与肺功能具有不良影响。关键词：有氧运动能力、肺功能测试、吸烟