Wolves are back: Sociopolitical identity and opinions on management of Canis lupus

In 2010 an interdisciplinary team of social and natural scientists began a
project to study society–environment interactions in northeast Oregon. At
first, the Communities and Forests in Oregon (CAFOR) project focused on
Baker, Union and Wallowa Counties. Subsequently the project’s scope
expanded to cover Crook, Grant, Umatilla and Wheeler
Counties. One part of the CAFOR research involved a series of
telephone surveys carried out in four stages over 2011 to 2018. The
surveys employed consistent methods with landline or cell telephone
interviews of independent random samples conducted by trained personnel
from the Survey Center of the University of New Hampshire. Questions
covered a range of topics related to environment and community change.
Some questions were repeated with identical wording on two, three or four
surveys, watching for continuity and change in public opinion. The survey
design involved stratification with oversampling of smaller-population
counties, and in some cases also of forest landowners. To adjust for both
design and response bias, probability weights (inverse of the probability
of selection) are applied for all graphs and statistical analyses in this
paper. Effects of this weighting on variables of interest here are not
large, but make the results more representative with respect to county
populations and age/sex distributions. Geographic coverage varied
across the four surveys. The initial stage in 2011 sampled residents from
three counties: Baker, Union and Wallowa. Subsequently, the 2014 and 2015
surveys expanded to seven contiguous counties, including those three. The
project’s final survey in 2018 refocused on the original three. A total of
5,085 interviews had been conducted, 3,782 of them involving residents of
Baker, Union or Wallowa County. To maintain comparability, our analysis in
this dataset concerns only that three-county subset, although findings
remain broadly similar in analyses using the complete seven-county
dataset.

2010年，一支由社会科学与自然科学学者组成的跨学科研究团队启动项目，旨在探究俄勒冈州东北部的社会-环境互动关系。最初，俄勒冈州社区与森林（Communities and Forests in Oregon，简称CAFOR）项目的研究范围聚焦于贝克县（Baker）、尤宁县（Union）与沃洛瓦县（Wallowa）。后续项目研究范围拓展至克罗克县（Crook）、格兰特县（Grant）、尤马蒂拉县（Umatilla）与惠勒县（Wheeler）。
CAFOR研究的核心内容之一，是2011年至2018年间分四个阶段开展的系列电话调查。本次调查采用统一方法，由新罕布什尔大学调查中心（Survey Center of the University of New Hampshire）的受训人员对独立随机样本开展固定电话与移动电话访谈。调研问题涵盖环境与社区变迁相关的多个主题。部分问题以完全一致的措辞在2次、3次或4次调查中重复使用，以追踪公众舆论的延续性与变化趋势。
本次调查设计采用分层抽样策略，对人口较少的县实施过采样，部分场景下还针对林地所有者开展额外过采样。为校正抽样设计偏差与无应答偏差，本文所有图表绘制与统计分析均采用了概率权重（probability weights，即抽样概率的倒数）。尽管该权重对本研究关注的变量影响较小，但其使研究结果在县域人口结构、年龄与性别分布上更具代表性。
四次调查的地理覆盖范围存在差异：2011年的首轮调查仅抽样了贝克、尤宁与沃洛瓦三县的居民；2014年与2015年的调查将研究范围拓展至包含上述三县在内的七个接壤县；项目于2018年开展的最终调查重新聚焦于最初的三个县。本次调研累计完成5085次访谈，其中3782次的受访者来自贝克、尤宁或沃洛瓦县。为保证分析的可比性，本数据集的分析仅针对这三县的子样本展开，尽管使用完整七县数据集进行分析所得结论大体一致。