Supplementary Material for: Increased risk of dementia after transient global amnesia: a nationwide population-based, longitudinal follow-up study in South Korea

Introduction:
The long-term cognitive outcomes after transient global amnesia (TGA) have been contradictory in the literature. Our study aimed to longitudinally investigate the association between TGA and incident dementia using long-term data from a nationwide population-based cohort in South Korea.
Methods:
The study population was recruited between 2002 and 2020 using the International Classification of Diseases (tenth revision; ICD-10) codes from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. The cumulative incidence curve was plotted to compare the incidence of dementia between the TGA (ICD-10 code G45.4; n = 10,276) and non-TGA (n = 27,389) groups, determined using 1:3 propensity score matching. Using Cox proportional hazard regression models, we obtained crude and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the incident dementia in patients with TGA compared to non-TGA controls. To examine independent variables determining dementia in the TGA group, logistic regression analysis was performed, and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% CIs were calculated.
Results:
The TGA group had a significantly higher cumulative incidence of dementia than the non-TGA group (p <0.001, log-rank test). TGA was significantly associated with incident dementia in the univariate and multivariate Cox models (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.28–1.39 and aHR 1.40, 95% CI 1.34–1.46, respectively). The adjusted logistic regression for incident dementia in the TGA group showed that age (per 1 year, aOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.09–1.10), female sex (aOR 1.31, 95% CI 1.18–1.45), diabetes (aOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.08–1.35), stroke (aOR 1.30, 95% CI 1.16–1.46), depression (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.33–1.76), anxiety (aOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01–1.39), and rural residence (aOR 1.24, 95% CI 1.10–1.41) were independently associated with incident dementia.
Conclusion:
Our results suggest a longitudinal association of TGA with incident dementia.

引言：目前文献中关于短暂性全面遗忘症（transient global amnesia, TGA）后的长期认知结局存在争议。本研究依托韩国全国性人群队列的长期数据，旨在纵向探讨短暂性全面遗忘症与新发痴呆的关联。
方法：研究对象招募于2002年至2020年间，数据源自韩国国民健康保险服务数据库，采用国际疾病分类第十次修订版（International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, ICD-10）编码进行筛选。通过1:3倾向性评分匹配，分别纳入短暂性全面遗忘症组[ICD-10编码G45.4；n=10276]与非短暂性全面遗忘症对照组[n=27389]，绘制累积发病率曲线以比较两组的痴呆发病率。采用Cox比例风险回归模型，计算短暂性全面遗忘症患者相较于非短暂性全面遗忘症对照组新发痴呆的粗风险比与校正后风险比（adjusted hazard ratios, aHRs）及95%置信区间（confidence intervals, CIs）。为明确短暂性全面遗忘症组中痴呆发生的独立影响因素，本研究开展了logistic回归分析，并计算校正后比值比（adjusted odds ratios, aORs）与95%置信区间。
结果：短暂性全面遗忘症组的痴呆累积发病率显著高于非短暂性全面遗忘症组（log-rank检验，p<0.001）。单因素与多因素Cox回归模型均显示，短暂性全面遗忘症与新发痴呆存在显著关联（单因素风险比HR=1.34，95%CI=1.28~1.39；多因素校正后风险比aHR=1.40，95%CI=1.34~1.46）。针对短暂性全面遗忘症组新发痴呆的校正logistic回归分析结果表明，年龄（每增加1岁，aOR=1.09，95%CI=1.09~1.10）、女性性别（aOR=1.31，95%CI=1.18~1.45）、糖尿病（aOR=1.21，95%CI=1.08~1.35）、脑卒中（aOR=1.30，95%CI=1.16~1.46）、抑郁症（aOR=1.53，95%CI=1.33~1.76）、焦虑症（aOR=1.24，95%CI=1.01~1.39）以及农村居住地（aOR=1.24，95%CI=1.10~1.41）均为新发痴呆的独立相关因素。
结论：本研究结果提示，短暂性全面遗忘症与新发痴呆存在纵向关联。