Data and code from: Parental Incubation Mode Mediates Incubation Attentiveness Across Ecological and Life-History Trait Gradients in Passerine Birds

This dataset includes the file "ATT_data.csv" and "R_code_for_analyses.R".<b>In ATT_data.csv:</b>Species: The scientific name of each species.Family: Family name.Daytime_constancy: Daytime nest attentiveness of each study population of each species (%).Amb_temp: Mean ambient temperature during the main incubation months (°C).Longitude: Longitude of each study population.Latitude: Latitude of each study population.IncubationMode: Incubation mode of each species (uni: uniparental; bi: biparental).Ref_Inc_data: References to sources of incubation data.Nest_type: Nest type of each species.Ref_Nest_type: References to sources of nest type data.Body_mass: Adult body mass of each species (g).Ref_Body_mass: References to sources of adult body mass data.Clutch_size: Clutch size of each species.Ref_Clutch_size: References to sources of clutch size data.<br>MethodsData in this study involves 466 populations of 307 passerine species of 58 families. As daytime nest attentiveness was the most commonly reported measure, we used it as a proxy for parental incubation investment. This metric, calculated as the proportion of total daytime hours that any parent bird spends in incubating, reflects relative rather than absolute investment. Since we aimed to assess the balance between incubation and self-maintenance, this metric is appropriate for interpopulation comparisons.Data on average daytime nest attentiveness, incubation mode, mean ambient temperature during main incubation months, and study site coordinates for each population were primarily obtained from four studies (Matysioková et al. 2011; Matysioková and Remeš 2013; Matysioková and Remeš 2018; Austin et al. 2019), supplemented by additional published literature (see our dataset for more information). For uniparental incubators, where only average on- and off-bout durations (i.e., the time length on and off the nest) were reported, we estimated daytime nest attentiveness using the formula: [mean on-bout duration / (mean on-bout duration + mean off-bout duration)], following Matysioková and Remeš (2014) who demonstrated a high correlation between this estimate and direct measurements. However, for biparental incubators, where both parents usually attend incubation alternatively and thus the average on- and off-bout durations of males and females cannot be used to calculate the daytime nest attentiveness, only studies that directly reported daytime nest attentiveness were included.In cases where data on the mean ambient temperature during incubation were missing, we followed Matysioková and Remeš (2018) to estimate it. We first extracted the geographic coordinates of the study location from the source literature. If they were not provided, we located the field site on Google Earth and used the central coordinates of the region. We then obtained the study year and the primary months of incubation and extracted mean monthly temperatures using the updated CRU TS3.21 climate dataset (0.5° resolution; Harris et al. 2014).Data on nest structure were categorized into open, domed and cavity nests, as described by Medina et al. (2022). Given the small sample sizes of biparental incubators building domed or cavity nests, and their better thermal buffering capacities compared to open nests (Mainwaring et al. 2014; Martin et al. 2017), we combined domed and cavity nests into the category of enclosed nests for analyses. Data on clutch size and adult body mass were mainly obtained from Székely et al. (2022). Other missing life-history data were supplemented from Birds of the World (birdsoftheworld.org) and other published literature (see our dataset for details).

本数据集包含文件"ATT_data.csv"与"R_code_for_analyses.R"。
<b>ATT_data.csv 字段说明：</b>
Species：各物种的学名。
Family：物种所属的科名。
Daytime_constancy：各物种各研究种群的日间巢育守巢率（%）。
Amb_temp：主要孵育月份的环境平均温度（℃）。
Longitude：各研究种群的采样点经度。
Latitude：各研究种群的采样点纬度。
IncubationMode：各物种的孵育模式（uni：单亲孵育；bi：双亲孵育）。
Ref_Inc_data：孵育数据来源的参考文献。
Nest_type：各物种的巢型。
Ref_Nest_type：巢型数据来源的参考文献。
Body_mass：各物种的成体体重（g）。
Ref_Body_mass：成体体重数据来源的参考文献。
Clutch_size：各物种的窝卵数。
Ref_Clutch_size：窝卵数数据来源的参考文献。
<br>研究方法与数据概况：
本研究的数据涵盖58个科的307种雀形目鸟类的466个种群。由于日间巢育守巢率是最常被报道的指标，我们将其作为亲本孵育投入的替代指标。该指标以亲本日间孵育时长占总日间时长的比例计算，仅能反映相对而非绝对的投入水平。鉴于本研究旨在评估孵育与亲本自身维持之间的权衡关系，该指标适用于不同种群间的比较分析。
各研究种群的日间巢育守巢率、孵育模式、主要孵育月份的环境平均温度以及采样点坐标数据，主要来源于4项已发表研究（Matysioková等，2011；Matysioková & Remeš，2013；Matysioková & Remeš，2018；Austin等，2019），并补充了其他已发表文献的相关数据（详见本数据集）。
对于仅报道了平均在巢时长与离巢时长（即亲本停留在巢内与离开巢的时间长度）的单亲孵育物种，我们遵循Matysioková与Remeš（2014）的方法，通过公式「平均在巢时长 /（平均在巢时长 + 平均离巢时长）」估算日间巢育守巢率，该研究已证实该估算值与直接测量值具有高度相关性。而对于双亲孵育物种，由于双亲通常交替进行孵育，无法通过雌雄个体的平均在巢与离巢时长计算日间巢育守巢率，因此仅纳入直接报道了日间巢育守巢率的研究。
若某研究种群的主要孵育月份环境平均温度数据缺失，我们遵循Matysioková与Remeš（2018）的方法进行估算：首先从源文献中提取采样点的地理坐标；若未提供坐标，则通过Google Earth定位研究样地并获取区域中心坐标。随后获取研究年份与主要孵育月份，利用更新后的CRU TS3.21气候数据集（分辨率0.5°；Harris等，2014）提取对应月份的平均温度。
巢型数据按照Medina等（2022）的分类标准，分为开放式巢、穹顶巢与洞穴巢三类。鉴于双亲孵育物种的穹顶巢与洞穴巢样本量较小，且相较于开放式巢具有更优的热缓冲能力（Mainwaring等，2014；Martin等，2017），我们将穹顶巢与洞穴巢合并为封闭巢类别用于后续分析。
窝卵数与成体体重数据主要来源于Székely等（2022）。其他缺失的生活史数据则补充自《世界鸟类》（birdsoftheworld.org）及其他已发表文献（详见本数据集）。