Gross domestic expenditure on R&D by sector

The indicator measures gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) as a percentage of the gross domestic product (GDP). "Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications" (Frascati Manual, 2002 edition, § 63).

该指标通过计算研发总支出（GERD，gross domestic expenditure on R&D）占国内生产总值（GDP，gross domestic product）的百分比来进行测算。“研究与试验发展（R&D，Research and experimental development）指为增加知识储备（涵盖人类、文化与社会领域的知识）并运用此类知识开发全新应用而系统性开展的创造性工作”（引自2002年版《弗拉斯卡蒂手册》第63款）。