The Lifetime Costs of Bad Health

What generates the observed differences in economic outcomes by health? How costly it is to be unhealthy? We show that health dynamics are largely driven by ex-ante fixed heterogeneity, or health types, even when controlling for ones past health history. In fact, health types are the key driver of

究竟是什么因素导致了基于健康水平的经济产出观测差异？不健康状态会产生多大的经济成本？我们的研究表明，即便在控制个体既往健康史的前提下，健康动态变化仍主要由事前固定异质性（ex-ante fixed heterogeneity，或称健康类型）所驱动。事实上，健康类型乃是[原文未完整给出后续内容]的核心驱动因素。