Supplementary Material for: Dry Fasting Physiology: Responses to Hypovolemia and Hypertonicity

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim of this study was to provide a deeper insight into dry fasting (DF) physiology. <b><i>Design:</i></b> Ten participants performed DF for 5 consecutive days. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The following parameters were monitored daily: cortisol, aldosterone, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), erythropoietin, albumin, uric acid, and vitamin C in serum; vasopressin (ADH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), renin, angiotensin II, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in plasma; hematocrit and erythrocytes in whole blood; osmolality, noradrenaline, dopamine, adrenaline, Na⁺, and K⁺ in 24-h urine; waist circumference and body, urine, and stool weight. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The following parameters increased: ADH (60 ± 11%), ACTH (176 ± 34%), cortisol (495 ± 75%), urine osmolality (20 ± 4%), CRP (167 ± 77%), renin (315 ± 63%), angiotensin II (74 ± 21%), aldosterone (61 ± 21%), TAC (80.4 ± 17%), uric acid (103 ± 19%), albumin (18.4 ± 2.4%), erythrocytes (13.4 ± 2.2%), hematocrit (11 ± 1.8%), and the excretion of noradrenaline (40.3 ± 10%) and dopamine (17 ± 5%). The following parameters decreased: waist circumference (8.20 ± 0.61 cm), body weight (7.010 ± 0.3 kg), erythropoietin (65 ± 18%), and the excretion of adrenaline (38 ± 4%) and Na⁺ (60 ± 16%). The excretion of K⁺ remained unchanged. Vitamin C decreased, showing a half-life of 4.8 ± 0.7 days. The percent ratios of lost weight components were: urine (52.2 ± 3.7%), insensible water loss (32.2 ± 1.4%), stool (5 ± 0.3%), and respiratory gases, i.e., expired CO₂ – incorporated O₂ (10.6 ± 5.4%). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The mechanisms underlying the hypertonicity and hypovolemia compensation and the ratio analysis of lost weight components were presented. DF demonstrated short-term antioxidant, anti-ischemic, immune-stimulating, anti-edematous, and anti-inflammatory effects. The results may have an impact on developing new concepts for the treatment of edema, obesity, and inflammatory and ischemic diseases.

**研究目的：** 本研究旨在深入阐明干式断食（Dry Fasting, DF）的生理学机制。**研究设计：** 10名受试者连续进行5天干式断食。**研究方法：** 每日监测以下指标：血清中的皮质醇、醛固酮、高敏C反应蛋白（high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, CRP）、促红细胞生成素、白蛋白、尿酸及维生素C；血浆中的抗利尿激素（vasopressin, ADH）、促肾上腺皮质激素（adrenocorticotropic hormone, ACTH）、肾素、血管紧张素II及总抗氧化能力（total antioxidant capacity, TAC）；全血中的红细胞比容与红细胞计数；24小时尿液中的渗透压、去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺、肾上腺素、钠离子（Na+）及钾离子（K+）；以及腰围、体质量、尿液质量与粪便质量。**研究结果：** 以下指标水平升高：抗利尿激素（ADH，60%±11%）、促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH，176%±34%）、皮质醇（495%±75%）、尿渗透压（20%±4%）、高敏C反应蛋白（CRP，167%±77%）、肾素（315%±63%）、血管紧张素II（74%±21%）、醛固酮（61%±21%）、总抗氧化能力（TAC，80.4%±17%）、尿酸（103%±19%）、白蛋白（18.4%±2.4%）、红细胞（13.4%±2.2%）、红细胞比容（11%±1.8%），以及去甲肾上腺素（40.3%±10%）与多巴胺（17%±5%）的排泄量。以下指标水平降低：腰围（8.20±0.61cm）、体质量（7.010±0.3kg）、促红细胞生成素（65%±18%），以及肾上腺素（38%±4%）与钠离子（60%±16%）的排泄量。钾离子（K+）的排泄量无显著变化。维生素C水平呈下降趋势，其半衰期为4.8±0.7天。体重流失成分的百分比构成如下：尿液（52.2%±3.7%）、不显性失水（32.2%±1.4%）、粪便（5%±0.3%），以及呼吸气体（即呼出CO₂与摄入O₂的差值，10.6%±5.4%）。**研究结论：** 本研究阐明了高渗状态与低血容量代偿的潜在机制，并对体重流失成分的比例进行了分析。干式断食展现出短期抗氧化、抗缺血、免疫刺激、抗水肿及抗炎效应。本研究结果可为水肿、肥胖、炎症性疾病及缺血性疾病的新型治疗方案开发提供参考依据。