Cement plates and pavers made with waste from the sorting process in Blumenau, SC, Brazil

Abstract This project analysed the physical-mechanical performance of plates and pavers with the incorporation of waste originated from the sorting process in the city of Blumenau, SC, Brazil. The waste consisted of organic waste, polymers, paper, glass and textile materials which were reduced in size (2.4 mm to 19.0 mm) and then used to replace natural aggregate at different ratios: 5%, 10%, 20% and 30%. The consistence of the fresh mortar and the physical-mechanical indices, the apparent specific gravity, water absorption and compressive strength of the hardened mortar were determined. Scanning electron microscopy analysis and flexural strength tests were also conducted. The bulk density of the plates and pavers ranged from 0.8 to 1.6 g.cm-3 and 1.78 to 1.84 g.cm-3 respectively. In the case of low incorporation of waste, both materials presented water absorption results that meet the requirements of correlated standards. The plates presented compressive strength values ranging from 4.7 MPa to 14.6 MPa. Flexural strength results reached values between 0.1 MPa and 1,8 MPa. The pavers achieved compressive strength values between 10.8 MPa and 18.7 MPa. Pavers with 5% incorporation of waste aggregates could be used in sidewalks and curbs, as long as future studies are able to demonstrate their durability.

摘要 本项目针对掺入巴西圣卡塔琳娜州（SC）布鲁梅瑙市城市分选过程产生的废弃物的板材与铺路砖，开展了物理力学性能（physical-mechanical performance）分析。该废弃物包含有机垃圾、聚合物、纸张、玻璃及纺织材料，经粉碎至2.4 mm至19.0 mm粒径后，以5%、10%、20%、30%的不同替代率取代天然集料（natural aggregate）。测试了新拌砂浆（fresh mortar）的稠度，以及硬化砂浆（hardened mortar）的物理力学指标、表观比重（apparent specific gravity）、吸水率（water absorption）与抗压强度（compressive strength）。同步开展了扫描电子显微镜（Scanning electron microscopy）分析与抗折强度（flexural strength）试验。板材与铺路砖的体积密度（bulk density）分别为0.8~1.6 g·cm⁻³与1.78~1.84 g·cm⁻³。当废弃物掺量较低时，两类材料的吸水率结果均符合相关标准要求。板材的抗压强度范围为4.7 MPa~14.6 MPa，抗折强度介于0.1 MPa~1.8 MPa之间。铺路砖的抗压强度则介于10.8 MPa~18.7 MPa之间。当废弃物集料掺量为5%时，铺路砖可应用于人行道与路缘石，前提是后续研究能够验证其耐久性。