Online medical education during the pandemic in different countries

Abstract: Introduction: At the end of 2019, one of the great challenges of the 21st century emerged, affecting the whole world. The long period in isolation made people adapt to the way they work and study, and this same measure was taken in the medical course, bringing new methodologies and learning. Objective: To analyze, through an Integrative Review, data on how the process of adapting online medical education was carried out during the pandemic. Methods: This is an Integrative Literature Review and data search was conducted in the PubMed, Virtual Health Library (BVS), Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) and Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS) databases. The search began in July 2021. Results: Initially, with the application of the inclusion criteria, a total of 841 articles were obtained from the selected databases. After excluding duplicate articles, this number was reduced to 242 articles. After applying the exclusion criteria, 22 articles were selected for the study. Conclusion: It is known that Medicine is mostly a practical course, the physical contact of students with patients is essential to develop essential skills for a quality physician, both in medical semiology techniques and in the skills necessary to establish the doctor-patient relationship. However, the need for a way of learning arose with the pandemic and teaching could not stop. In view of the points raised in the literature research, the common sense would be the application of a hybrid teaching method - online and face-to-face - (aimed at optimizing time and breaking geographic barriers, without neglecting the importance of clinical practice), exceptionally online (when there are extraordinary situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic) or only in person (in regions where the application of e-learning is not feasible).

摘要：
引言：2019年末，21世纪面临的重大挑战之一席卷全球。长期的隔离状态促使人们调整工作与学习模式，医学教育领域也采用了同类模式，由此催生了全新的教学方法与学习路径。
研究目的：本研究旨在通过整合性回顾分析新冠疫情（COVID-19 pandemic）期间医学教育线上化转型的具体实践数据。
研究方法：本研究为整合性文献综述（Integrative Literature Review），数据检索覆盖PubMed、虚拟健康图书馆（Virtual Health Library, BVS）、高等教育人才发展协调署（Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel, CAPES）、在线科学电子图书馆（Scientific Electronic Library Online, SCIELO）以及拉丁美洲与加勒比海健康科学文献库（Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences, LILACS），检索工作于2021年7月启动。
研究结果：初始阶段应用纳入标准后，从选定数据库中共获取841篇文献；剔除重复文献后剩余242篇；经应用排除标准筛选后，最终纳入22篇文献用于本研究。
研究结论：众所周知，医学专业以实践为核心支柱，学生与患者的实体接触对于培养高质量医师的核心技能至关重要，无论是医学症状学诊断技术，还是构建医患关系所需的必备能力均离不开此类临床实践。然而疫情迫使医学教育寻求新的学习模式，教学活动不能停滞不前。结合本次文献检索的研究结果，较为合理的教学方案应为采用混合式教学模式（hybrid teaching method）——线上与线下结合——以优化教学时长、打破地理壁垒，同时不忽视临床实践的重要性；在特殊应急场景（如新冠疫情）下可采用纯线上教学，而在电子学习（e-learning）无法落地的地区则可保留纯线下教学模式。