Supplementary Material for: Evaluating the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of oral Candida infection: A meta-analysis

Objective: This paper aims to assess the impact of probiotics on oral Candida infection using an evidence-based medicine approach.
Methods: Randomized controlled trials evaluating the efficacy of probiotics in the treatment of oral Candida infection were retrieved from databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP Database, Wanfang Database, and China Biomedical Literature Database, up until December 2022. Two researchers independently conducted data extraction and quality assessment. Meta-analysis of the extracted data was performed using the statistical software RevMan 5.4. The study included a total of 12 trials, comprising 4 in English and 8 in Chinese, with 1029 subjects (537 in the experimental group and 492 in the control group).
Results: Results indicated that probiotics effectively treated oral Candida infection [OR = 7.80, 95% CI (4.78, 12.75), P < 0.001], reduced the detection rate of oral Candida [OR = 0.06, 95% CI (0.01, 0.57), P = 0.01], and lowered the recurrence rate after cure [OR = 0.21, 95% CI (0.12, 0.35), P < 0.001]. These effects were observed in studies using probiotics both with and without antifungal agents, though a more consistent benefit was reported in studies using combination therapy.
Conclusions: Probiotics demonstrated a significant impact on the treatment of oral Candida infection by reducing oral Candida colonization and minimizing recurrence rates post-cure.

研究目的：本文旨在采用循证医学方法，评估益生菌对口腔念珠菌感染的影响。
研究方法：检索截至2022年12月的PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、Cochrane图书馆（Cochrane Library）、中国知网（CNKI）、维普数据库、万方数据库及中国生物医学文献数据库（China Biomedical Literature Database）中，评估益生菌治疗口腔念珠菌感染疗效的随机对照试验。由2名研究者独立开展数据提取与质量评价工作，采用统计软件RevMan 5.4对提取的数据进行Meta分析。本研究共纳入12项试验，其中英文文献4项、中文文献8项，合计纳入1029名受试者，试验组537例，对照组492例。
研究结果：结果显示，益生菌可有效治疗口腔念珠菌感染[比值比（Odds Ratio，OR）=7.80，95%置信区间（Confidence Interval，CI）(4.78, 12.75)，P<0.001]；可降低口腔念珠菌检出率[OR=0.06，95%CI(0.01, 0.57)，P=0.01]；还可降低治愈后的复发率[OR=0.21，95%CI(0.12, 0.35)，P<0.001]。在单独使用益生菌或联合抗真菌药物的研究中均观察到上述疗效，但联合治疗方案的获益更为一致。
研究结论：益生菌可通过减少口腔念珠菌定植、降低治愈后复发率，对口腔念珠菌感染的治疗发挥显著作用。