Shan Household, Agriculture and Rural Economy: Household Survey – May-October 2018. HESTIA Upload

The Shan Household, Agriculture and Rural Economy Survey (SHARES) was implemented from June to October 2018. SHARES was comprised of household and community components, designed to produce a detailed picture of livelihoods, farming systems and the rural economy in southern Shan, and the dynamics of recent changes in each of these areas. Particular attention was paid to production of maize and pigeon pea - two of the main commercial crops grown in this area. The surveys were designed to address four key research questions. (1) How has the welfare of rural households in South Shan been affected by the introduction of hybrid maize? (2) What factors have facilitated agricultural commercialization, diversification and, specialization, and how have these processed affected incomes, food security and resilience? (3) How do conflict, infrastructure development, trade policies and agricultural commercialization interact? (4) What practices could improve the performance of maize and pigeon pea farmers? For the household component of the survey, a total 1563 households were interviewed in 99 enumeration areas in 9 townships in southern Shan, representing a population of 201,285. Enumeration areas were selected by a stratified two-stage sampling. Areas with known security issues or no maize/pigeon pea cultivation were excluded. The Department of Population drew a systematic sample of Enumeration Areas (EA) with probability proportional to size, using the sample frame of national census. The household survey instrument include modules on the following: non-farm employment; migration; assets & housing; land; agriculture; maize and pigeon pea cultivation; agricultural machinery use, credit; consumption. The SHARES community component covered 323 villages in 12 townships in Southern Shan. Ninety-nine of the selected villages overlapped with the enumeration areas selected for inclusion in the SHARES household survey. The remaining 224 community survey villages were selected randomly with probability proportional to size. Community questionnaires were administered during group interviews. The survey instrument focused on capturing multi-year recall data on key community characteristics, and was divided into modules covering population, physical and social infrastructure, crop cultivation patterns, agricultural wages and migration, number and type of rural enterprises, access to credit, perceptions of climate change, and experience of conflict. This approach was adopted to gain insights into changes occurring within the rural economy at the ‘landscape’ level that would complement ‘micro’ level data from the household survey.

掸邦家庭、农业与农村经济调查（Shan Household, Agriculture and Rural Economy Survey，缩写SHARES）于2018年6月至10月间实施。该调查包含家庭与社区两个模块，旨在全面呈现掸邦南部的民生状况、农业系统与农村经济全貌，以及各领域近年的动态变化。
调查特别聚焦玉米与木豆（pigeon pea）的生产——二者均为该地区的核心经济作物之一。
本次调查旨在回应四大核心研究问题：（1）杂交玉米（hybrid maize）的推广对掸邦南部农村家庭的福利产生了何种影响？（2）哪些因素推动了农业商业化、多元化与专业化？这些进程又如何作用于农户收入、粮食安全与抗风险能力？（3）冲突、基础设施建设、贸易政策与农业商业化之间存在怎样的互动关系？（4）哪些实践举措能够提升玉米与木豆种植户的生产效益？
在家庭调查模块中，研究团队在掸邦南部9个乡镇的99个普查区（Enumeration Areas，简称EA）共计访谈1563户家庭，覆盖总人口201285人。普查区采用分层两阶段抽样法选取，排除了存在已知安全隐患或无玉米/木豆种植的区域。人口部门以全国人口普查抽样框为基础，按规模成比例概率系统抽取普查区。家庭调查问卷涵盖以下模块：非农就业、移民、资产与住房、土地、农业生产、玉米与木豆种植、农业机械使用、信贷以及消费。
SHARES社区调查模块覆盖掸邦南部12个乡镇的323个村庄，其中99个村庄与家庭调查选取的普查区重合，剩余224个村庄采用按规模成比例概率随机抽样选取。社区问卷通过集体访谈方式收集数据，内容聚焦于多年期回溯性关键社区特征信息，模块涵盖人口、实体与社会基础设施、作物种植格局、农业工资与移民情况、农村企业的数量与类型、信贷获取渠道、气候变化认知以及冲突经历。该设计旨在从“景观”层面洞察农村经济的动态变化，以补充家庭调查的“微观”层面数据。