The affects of human activity and disturbance on Goldenrod species abundance.

Group Members : Iiman Draman, Loyal Tran, James Quach, and Sajid Alvi. The following experiment was done two days at York University on Oct 14, 2015 and Oct 21, from 2:45-4:35pm within the grassland of the Danby Woodlot which consisted of plants, grass, insect, bird, and mowed and unmowed area. The weather on both days during the sampling period was chilly and windy but the sky was still clear .The purpose of this experiment was to compare and measure the abundance of Goldenrod affected by human activity (mowed and non-mowed area) and disturbance. The reason for this experiment was to try and understand if the abundance of Goldenrod species increase or decrease depended if there is or not a disturbance and human activity in an area that had been mowed and unmowed area. Group 1 members consisted of Iiman, Loyal, James, Sajid and Anisa but separated into two sub groups. One subgroup consisted of Loyal, James, and Sajid who measured the abundance of the Goldenrod species alive in non-mowed area and the other subgroup consisted of Anisa and Iiman who measured the abundance of the Goldenrod species in the mowed area. The equipment used to measure the abundance of the golden rod species were 2 quadrats (each 1m x1m) and 2 transects (each 30m). The area of disturbances were Keele Street (disturbance 1) and York University (disturbance 2) .The distance between the two disturbances were 100m transects laterally along the grassland measured, at every 5m on a 30m transect one quadrat was placed. The quadrats served as a tool to isolate a smaller area on the 30m transect, to count the abundance of Goldenrod species alive within that quadrat and the transects provided the specific set length from the edge of grassland closet to the disturbances (1 or 2) to other end of disturbances ( 1 or 2) closet to the grassland. A total of 5 transects were used for a total distance of 500m and a total number of quadrats used were 105. The abundance of the Goldenrod species varies within a single quadrats because the transect were randomly placed along the grassland . A method to distinguish the Goldenrod species within a single quadrats, the characteristic were numerous small yellow but since the sampling was done in colder weather there was not any flowers, texture of the leaf, and leafy stems. Since the temperature was colder on the last day the Goldenrod species started to shrive up and it became difficult count compared to the first day of sampling .The abundance of the Goldenrod species can be affected by many factors but one might had been competition with other plant/insect species within a single quadrat.

实验小组成员：伊曼·德拉曼（Iiman Draman）、洛亚尔·特兰（Loyal Tran）、詹姆斯·夸奇（James Quach）与萨吉德·阿尔维（Sajid Alvi）。本次实验于2015年10月14日及10月21日分两日在约克大学（York University）丹比林地（Danby Woodlot）的草地内开展，每日采样时段为下午2:45至4:35。该草地涵盖植物、草本、昆虫、鸟类区域，以及修剪与未修剪地块。两日采样时段的天气均为寒冷多风，但天空晴朗。本实验旨在对比并量化受人类活动（修剪与未修剪区域）及干扰影响的一枝黄花（Goldenrod）丰度，核心目标为探明：在经过修剪与未修剪的区域中，一枝黄花的丰度增减是否取决于该区域是否存在干扰与人类活动。原第一实验小组由伊曼、洛亚尔、詹姆斯、萨吉德与阿妮萨（Anisa）组成，后划分为两个子小组：其一由洛亚尔、詹姆斯与萨吉德组成，负责测量未修剪区域内存活一枝黄花的丰度；其二由阿妮萨与伊曼组成，负责测量修剪区域内一枝黄花的丰度。本次实验用于测量一枝黄花丰度的器材包括2个样方（quadrat，每个规格为1m×1m）与2条样带（transect，每条长度为30m）。实验干扰区域为基尔街（Keele Street，干扰1）与约克大学（干扰2），两处干扰区域沿草地横向间距为100m；在每条30m长的样带上，每隔5m布设1个样方。样方用于在30m样带上划定小型采样区域，以统计该区域内存活一枝黄花的丰度；样带则用于确定从靠近干扰区域（干扰1或2）的草地边缘，至靠近草地的干扰区域另一端的固定采样长度。本次实验共使用5条样带，总采样距离达500m，累计使用样方105个。由于样带沿草地随机布设，单个样方内的一枝黄花丰度存在差异。本次实验中区分样方内一枝黄花的识别依据为其具有大量小型黄色花序，但由于采样时段气温较低，未观察到花朵，仅可通过叶片质地与具叶茎秆进行辨别。实验次日气温更低，一枝黄花已开始枯萎，相较首日采样，计数难度显著提升。一枝黄花的丰度受多种因素影响，其中一个潜在影响因素为单个样方内与其他植物或昆虫物种的竞争。