Saliva sample - Testosterone

The Leiden Consortium on Individual Development (L-CID) study was founded by Marinus van IJzendoorn, Eveline Crone, Marian Bakermans-Kranenburg and Rutger Engels in 2013. It was developed as one of four work packages of the overarching Consortium on Individual Development (CID). The L-CID study is a large-scale longitudinal intervention study in which 500 families with same-sex twins are followed over a six year period. L-CID has a cohort-sequential design with two cohorts: an early childhood cohort (ECC), aged 3-4 at wave 1, and a middle childhood cohort (MCC), aged 7-8 at wave 1. Annual assessments consist of alternating lab- or home visits during which behavioral and neurobiological data are collected. The collected data allow, among others, for testing which child characteristics shape the effect of (manipulated) environmental factors. The aim of L-CID is twofold: 1. To investigate the development of social competence and behavioral control in children between 3 and 14 years old; 2. To dissect the reason why not all children are equally responsive to variations in the social environment.

莱顿个体发展研究联盟（Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, L-CID）项目由马里纳斯·范·伊岑多恩、埃夫琳·克龙、玛丽安·巴克曼斯-克兰嫩堡与拉特格·恩格斯于2013年发起，其作为统领性个体发展联盟（Consortium on Individual Development, CID）下设的四大工作包之一开发而成。该项目为一项大规模纵向干预研究，将对500个拥有同性双胞胎的家庭开展为期六年的追踪随访。L-CID采用队列序列设计，包含两个队列：第一波调查时年龄为3~4岁的幼儿队列（early childhood cohort, ECC），以及第一波调查时年龄为7~8岁的童年中期队列（middle childhood cohort, MCC）。年度评估以交替进行的实验室与家庭访问形式开展，期间将采集行为学与神经生物学数据。所获数据除可用于检验经操控的环境因素的效应受哪些儿童特质调控外，还可支撑多项其他相关研究分析。L-CID的研究目标兼具双重性：其一，探究3至14岁儿童社会能力与行为控制的发展轨迹；其二，解析为何并非所有儿童对社会环境变化的响应程度均一致。