Wild bees as winners and losers: relative impacts of landscape composition, quality, and climate

Wild bees, like many other taxa, are threatened by land use and climate change, which in turn jeopardizes pollination of crops and wild plants. Understanding how land-use and climate factors interact is critical to predicting and managing pollinator populations and ensuring adequate pollination services, but most studies have evaluated either land-use or climate effects, not both. Further, bee species are incredibly variable, spanning an array of behavioral, physiological and life history traits that can increase or decrease resilience to land use or climate change. Thus, there are likely bee species that benefit, while others suffer, from changing climate and land use, but few studies have documented taxon-specific trends. To address these critical knowledge gaps, we analyzed a long-term dataset of wild bee occurrences from Maryland, Delaware, and Washington DC, USA, examining how different bee genera and functional groups respond to landscape composition, quality, and climate factors....

与诸多其他生物类群（taxon）类似，野生蜜蜂正受到土地利用变化与气候变化的双重威胁，这进而会危及农作物与野生植物的传粉过程。明晰土地利用与气候因子的交互作用，对于预测、调控传粉昆虫种群，以及保障充足的传粉服务至关重要。但当前绝大多数研究仅单独评估了土地利用或气候变化的影响，未能兼顾二者的共同作用。此外，蜜蜂物种间的多样性极为显著，其行为、生理及生活史特征各不相同，这些特征会对物种应对土地利用变化与气候变化的抗逆性产生双向调节作用——或提升其适应能力，或削弱其生存韧性。因此，气候变化与土地利用变化可能使部分蜜蜂物种获益，却令另一部分陷入生存困境，但目前鲜有研究报道类群特异性（taxon-specific）的变化趋势。为填补这些关键的认知空白，本研究分析了采自美国马里兰州、特拉华州及华盛顿哥伦比亚特区的长期野生蜜蜂发生记录数据集，探究不同蜜蜂属类群与功能群如何响应景观组成、景观质量及气候因子的变化。