Data from: Robust phylogenomics settles controversies of classification and reveals evolution of male embolic complex of the Laufeia clade (Araneae, Salticidae, Euophryini)

<b>Abstract</b><br/><p>The <em>Laufeia</em> clade is a peculiar lineage of euophryine jumping spiders showing elevated divergence of male genitalic structures, especially the embolic complex that directly interacts with female genitalia during sperm transfer. With the rapid growth of species discovery in the <em>Laufeia</em> clade, the controversy in its classification has become a crucial problem. In this study, we applied a phylogenomic approach using ultra-conserved element data to infer the phylogeny of the <em>Laufeia</em> clade with extensive taxon sampling. A comparative morphological study was also performed to evaluate diagnostic characters and understand the evolution of male embolic complex within the <em>Laufeia </em>clade. The results provide a strongly supported phylogenetic framework and updated generic concepts for the <em>Laufeia</em> clade. The updated genera within the <em>Laufeia </em>clade were all recovered as monophyletic with well-defined synapomorphies identified through character mapping on the phylogeny. Ancestral state reconstruction analyses revealed that the Type I embolic complex was ancestral and gradually evolved into the Type II and III embolic complex, and that some shapes of embolus often evolved multiple times independently in different lineages of the <em>Laufeia</em> clade. The shift from foliage dwelling to tree trunk dwelling at the common ancestor of the <em>Laufeia </em>clade may have facilitated the divergent evolution of male embolic complex in the <em>Laufeia </em>clade. This study provides a solid foundation for future studies of systematics and evolution of this group.</p>

摘要
<em>莱夫跳蛛（Laufeia）</em>支系是优猎蛛亚科（Euophryinae）跳蛛中的一个特殊演化支，其雄性生殖器结构的分化程度显著提升，尤其是在精子传递过程中与雌性生殖器直接相互作用的引导器复合体（embolic complex）。随着<em>莱夫跳蛛支系</em>的物种发现数量快速增长，其分类学争议已成为亟待解决的关键问题。本研究采用基于超保守元件（ultra-conserved element, UCE）数据的系统发育基因组学分析方法，结合大范围类群采样，对<em>莱夫跳蛛支系</em>的系统发育关系进行推断；同时开展比较形态学研究，以评估分类鉴别特征并解析该支系内雄性引导器复合体的演化规律。研究结果为<em>莱夫跳蛛支系</em>提供了高支持度的系统发育框架，并更新了该支系的属级分类概念。更新后的<em>莱夫跳蛛支系</em>各属均被恢复为单系群，且通过对系统发育树进行性状映射分析，明确了各属的共有衍征。祖先性状重建分析结果显示，I型引导器复合体为祖先状态，经逐步演化形成II型与III型引导器复合体；部分引导器形态在<em>莱夫跳蛛支系</em>的不同演化支中多次独立起源。<em>莱夫跳蛛支系</em>的共同祖先从叶面栖息转变为树干栖息，这一生态位转换可能推动了该支系雄性引导器复合体的分化演化。本研究为该类群的系统分类与演化研究奠定了坚实基础。