Offending, Crime and Justice Survey, 2004

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P>The <i>Offending, Crime and Justice Survey</i> (OCJS) (also sometimes known as the <i>Crime and Justice Survey</i>), was the first national longitudinal, self-report offending survey for England and Wales. The series began in 2003, the initial survey representing the first wave in a planned four-year rotating panel study, and ended with the 2006 wave. A longitudinal dataset based on the four years of the study was released in 2009 (held at the Archive under SN 6345). <br>
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The OCJS was commissioned by the Home Office, with the overall objective of providing a solid base for measuring the prevalence of offending and drug use in the general population of England and Wales. The survey was developed in response to a significant gap in data on offending in the general population, as opposed to particular groups such as convicted offenders. A specific aim of the series was to monitor trends in offending among young people.<br>
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The OCJS series was designed as a 'rotating panel' which means that in each subsequent year, part of the previous year's sample was re-interviewed, and was augmented by a further 'fresh' sample to ensure a cross-sectional representative sample of young people. The aim of this design was to fulfil two objectives: firstly, to provide a solid cross-sectional base from which to monitor year-on-year measures of offending, drug use, and contact with the CJS over the four-year tracking period (2003-2006); and secondly, to provide longitudinal insight into individual behaviour and attitudinal changes over time, and to enable the Home Office to identify temporal links between and within the key survey measures.<br>
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The OCJS was managed by a team of researchers in the Home Office Research, Development and Statistics Directorate. The Home Office commissioned BMRB Social Research and the National Centre for Social Research (NatCen) to conduct the surveys jointly. Both organisations were involved in developing the surveys and, at each wave, the fieldwork was split between the two agencies.<br><br><i>OCJS 2004</i>:<br>
The sample for the 2004 OCJS consisted of panel respondents (those aged 10-25 years who had been interviewed in the 2003 OCJS and had agreed to be re-interviewed in 2004) and new respondents who were interviewed for the first time in 2004.<br>
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The OCJS 2004 also aimed to provide:<ul><li>measures of self-reported offending</li><li>indicators of repeat offending</li><li>trends in the prevalence of offending</li><li>trends in the prevalence and frequency of drug and alcohol use</li><li>evidence on the links between offending and drug/alcohol use</li><li>evidence on the risk factors related to offending and drug use</li><li>information on the nature of offences committed, such as the role of co-offenders and the relationship between perpetrators and victims</li></ul>For the fourth edition (December 2008), the variable PFA (police force area) has been supplied for the main file. This variable was previously unavailable. New users should also note that the domestic violence data were removed at an earlier edition due to concerns over consistency.<br><br><B>Main Topics</B>:<BR><br>The basic OCJS questionnaire comprises modules on the following topics:<ul><li>household grid (conducted using Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI))</li><li>socio-demographic characteristics (CAPI)</li><li>neighbourhood (CAPI)</li><li>attitudes to the criminal justice system (CAPI)</li><li>contact with criminal justice system (part 1) (CAPI)</li><li>victimisation (CAPI)</li><li>antisocial behaviour (conducted using Audio Computer Assisted Self-Interviewing (ACASI))</li><li>white collar/'hi-tech' crime (ACASI)</li><li>offending - count/follow-up (ACASI)</li><li>offending - nature (conducted using Computer Assisted Self-Interviewing (CASI))</li><li>contact with criminal justice system (part 2) (CASI)</li><li>domestic violence (CASI)</li><li>drinking (CASI)</li><li>drug use (CASI)</li><li>health, lifestyle and risk factors (CASI)</li><li>reactions to the survey and recontact (CASI)</li></ul>In addition to questionnaire data, the dataset also includes derived socio-economic and geo-demographic variables.<br>
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The data files included in the OCJS 2004 are as follows: <ul><li>'main 10-25': main individual respondent-level dataset</li><li>'nature of offending 10-25': contains data on the circumstances surrounding individual offences (cases represent offences, not respondents)</li></ul>

<P>本摘要版权归英国数据服务中心（UK Data Service）及数据采集版权所有者所有。</P><i>《违法、犯罪与司法调查》（Offending, Crime and Justice Survey，简称OCJS，亦常被称为《犯罪与司法调查》）是英格兰及威尔士地区首个全国性纵向自报违法调查项目。该系列调查始于2003年，首次调查为规划中的四年轮换追踪面板研究的第一波数据收集，并以2006年波次收尾。基于该项目四年研究数据的纵向数据集于2009年发布（存档编号SN 6345，存放于档案馆）。<br><br>本项目由英国内政部委托开展，核心目标是为测算英格兰及威尔士地区普通人群的违法发生率与药物滥用情况提供坚实的数据基础。该调查旨在填补此前针对普通人群（而非定罪罪犯等特定群体）的违法数据空白。本系列调查的特定目标之一是追踪年轻人的违法趋势。<br><br>OCJS系列采用“轮换面板”设计：即每后续一年，对上一年度的部分样本进行再次访谈，并补充新的“新鲜样本”，以确保年轻人样本的横截面代表性。该设计旨在实现两大目标：其一，在2003-2006年的四年追踪周期内，提供坚实的横截面数据基础，用于监测违法、药物滥用以及与刑事司法系统（Criminal Justice System，简称CJS）接触情况的年度变化；其二，实现对个体行为与态度随时间变化的纵向洞察，并助力英国内政部识别关键调查指标间及指标内部的时间关联。<br><br>OCJS由英国内政部研究、发展与统计总局的研究团队负责管理。英国内政部委托BMRB社会研究部与英国国家社会研究中心（National Centre for Social Research，简称NatCen）联合开展调查。两家机构均参与了问卷开发，且每一波次的实地调研工作均由两家机构分工完成。<br><br><i>OCJS 2004</i>:<br><br>2004年OCJS的样本包括追踪面板受访者（即2003年OCJS中接受过访谈且同意在2004年接受再次访谈的10-25岁人群）以及2004年首次接受访谈的新增受访者。<br><br>2004年OCJS还旨在提供以下内容：<ul><li>自报违法情况的量化指标</li><li>再犯行为的相关指标</li><li>违法发生率的变化趋势</li><li>药物与酒精滥用的发生率及频率变化趋势</li><li>违法与药物/酒精滥用之间关联的实证依据</li><li>与违法及药物滥用相关的风险因素的实证依据</li><li>已实施犯罪的性质相关信息，例如共犯所起的作用以及施害者与受害者之间的关系</li></ul>在2008年12月发布的第四版数据中，主文件新增了警区（police force area，简称PFA）这一变量，该变量此前并未提供。新用户还需注意，由于数据一致性方面的顾虑，早期版本中已移除了家庭暴力相关数据。<br><br><B>核心主题</B>:<br><br>OCJS基础问卷包含以下主题模块：<ul><li>住户清单（采用计算机辅助个人访谈（Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing，简称CAPI）开展）</li><li>社会人口学特征（CAPI）</li><li>社区环境（CAPI）</li><li>对刑事司法系统的态度（CAPI）</li><li>与刑事司法系统的接触（第一部分）（CAPI）</li><li>受害经历（CAPI）</li><li>反社会行为（采用音频计算机辅助自我访谈（Audio Computer Assisted Self-Interviewing，简称ACASI）开展）</li><li>白领/“高科技”犯罪（ACASI）</li><li>违法情况——计数/追踪（ACASI）</li><li>违法情况——行为性质（采用计算机辅助自我访谈（Computer Assisted Self-Interviewing，简称CASI）开展）</li><li>与刑事司法系统的接触（第二部分）（CASI）</li><li>家庭暴力（CASI）</li><li>饮酒情况（CASI）</li><li>药物滥用情况（CASI）</li><li>健康、生活方式与风险因素（CASI）</li><li>对调查的反馈与再次联系（CASI）</li></ul>除问卷数据外，本数据集还包含衍生的社会经济与地理人口学变量。<br><br>OCJS 2004包含以下数据文件：<ul><li>'main 10-25'：核心个体受访者层面数据集</li><li>'nature of offending 10-25'：包含个体犯罪相关情境数据（数据条目代表犯罪行为而非受访者）</li></ul>