Queensland groundwater dependent ecosystems

## **Abstract** \n\nThis dataset and its metadata statement were supplied to the Bioregional Assessment Programme by a third party and are presented here as originally supplied.\n\nSurface expression GDEs are ecosystems that are dependent on the discharge of groundwater on a permanent or intermittent basis to meet all or some of their water requirements so as to maintain their communities of plants and animals, ecological processes and ecosystem services. Surface expression GDE areafeatures include wetlands and regional ecosystems that have some surface groundwater dependency. This dataset is one of five datasets that describe the distribution of known and potential GDEs across the landscape. The complete set of GDE datasets is listed below. Information about the location and extent of known and potential GDEs was sourced from expert knowledge, literature and existing datasets. 1. Surface expression GDE points 2. Surface expression GDE lines 3. Surface expression GDE areas 4. Terrestrial GDE areas 5. Subterranean GDE areas As the different types of GDEs represent different overlapping layers or cross-sections of the landscape, it is recommended that the datasets be mapped in the order of listing shown above (i.e. surface expression GDE points on top) to maintain logical consistency and assist visualisation.\n\n## **Purpose** \n\nThere are five datasets that describe the distribution of known and potential GDEs across the landscape: 1. Surface expression GDE points, 2. Surface expression GDE lines, 3. Surface expression GDE areas, 4. Terrestrial GDE areas, 5. Subterranean GDE areas.\n\n## **Dataset History** \n\nLinework to delineate the GDE extent was sourced from the following datasets (held by the Queensland Herbarium, Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts): 1. Queensland Wetland Data Wetlands Mapping (2009 extent, Version 3.0) 2. Vegetation Communities and Regional Ecosystems (REs) of Queensland (2009 extent, Version 7.0) Although the wetlands linework was typically used to represent surface expression GDEs and regional ecosystems linework typically used to represent terrestrial GDEs, this was not always the case. A notable exception is the inclusion of riverine regional ecosystems as potential terrestrial GDEs. Non-wetland regional ecosystems have been used to delineate areas that may potentially contain surface expression GDEs such as geological contact zones where springs may be not detected as a wetland in current wetlands mapping due to their small size. ATTRIBUTION The attribution for this dataset was sourced from expert knowledge, literature and existing spatial datasets. Information about the location and extent of groundwater was collected at GDE workshops held for the eastern Murray-Darling Basin and Wide Bay and Burnett mapping areas. Information collected from regional staff and other experts with local knowledge of groundwater included the location of wetlands, springs and stream baseflow. Known and potential GDEs were identified in the GDE workshops and this is attributed in the data with the level of confidence (i.e. high, moderate or low) in the knowledge about the GDE. The degree of groundwater dependency is not described. An important part of the information collection at the GDE workshops included the capture of pictorial conceptual models which are representations of observed objects, phenomena and processes in a logical and objective way with the aim of constructing a formal system whose theoretical consequences are not contrary to what is observed in the real world. These pictorial conceptual models will be hyperlinked to the GDE spatial data to aid the interpretation of the data. For more information refer to the GDE pictorial conceptual models. Another key part of the information collected was the identification of GDE decision rules that described combinations of conditions where ecosystems are or are likely to be dependent on groundwater at a specific site or local area according to expert knowledge. GDE decision rules may include descriptions of conditions such as geology, vegetation, topographic position, elevation and rainfall zones. These decision rules were subsequently categorised and combined into GDE mapping rule-sets in preparation for their application using geographic information system (GIS) technology. GDE mapping rule-set is a combination of related decision rules with similar groundwater dependent ecosystem drivers and processes that when applied to spatial data sets through GIS analysis delineate where ecosystems are or are likely to be dependent on groundwater. These GDE mapping rule-sets are used to determine the 'derived' potential GDEs that make up the majority of the GDE mapping. A full list of GDE mapping rule-sets developed for the eastern MDB and WBB regions is described below. Note that where the GDE mapping rule-sets are used, this may result in the identification of surface expression GDEs and/or terrestrial GDEs according to the local conditions and landscape drivers.\n\n## **Dataset Citation** \n\n"Queensland Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts" (2013) Queensland groundwater dependent ecosystems. Bioregional Assessment Source Dataset. Viewed 25 October 2017, http://data.bioregionalassessments.gov.au/dataset/075cdc0a-382e-4040-9a70-fcd85a2da5d5.

## **摘要**

本数据集及其元数据声明由第三方提供给生物区域评估计划（Bioregional Assessment Programme），此处按原始提交版本呈现。

地表显现型地下水依赖生态系统（Surface expression GDEs）指依赖以持续或间歇方式涌出的地下水来满足全部或部分用水需求，以维持其动植物群落、生态过程与生态系统服务的生态系统。地表显现型地下水依赖生态系统的分布区域涵盖湿地以及具备地表地下水依赖特性的区域生态系统。本数据集为描述全景观范围内已知与潜在地下水依赖生态系统分布的五套数据集之一，完整的地下水依赖生态系统数据集列表如下。已知与潜在地下水依赖生态系统的位置及范围信息源自专家知识、文献资料与现有数据集：1. 地表显现型地下水依赖生态系统点位；2. 地表显现型地下水依赖生态系统线状要素；3. 地表显现型地下水依赖生态系统面状要素；4. 陆地型地下水依赖生态系统面状要素；5. 地下型地下水依赖生态系统面状要素。由于不同类型的地下水依赖生态系统对应景观中不同的叠加图层或剖面，建议按照上述列表顺序（即地表显现型地下水依赖生态系统点位置于最上层）进行制图，以保障逻辑一致性并辅助可视化展示。

## **用途**

本部分包含五套用于描述全景观范围内已知与潜在地下水依赖生态系统分布的数据集，分别为：1. 地表显现型地下水依赖生态系统点位；2. 地表显现型地下水依赖生态系统线状要素；3. 地表显现型地下水依赖生态系统面状要素；4. 陆地型地下水依赖生态系统面状要素；5. 地下型地下水依赖生态系统面状要素。

## **数据集历史**

用于划定地下水依赖生态系统范围的矢量线要素源自以下数据集（由昆士兰科学、信息技术、创新与艺术部下属昆士兰植物标本馆（Queensland Herbarium）持有）：1. 昆士兰湿地数据湿地制图（2009年范围，3.0版）；2. 昆士兰植被群落与区域生态系统（REs）（2009年范围，7.0版）。尽管通常以湿地矢量线要素表征地表显现型地下水依赖生态系统，以区域生态系统矢量线要素表征陆地型地下水依赖生态系统，但实际情况并非完全如此。一个典型例外是将河岸区域生态系统纳入潜在陆地型地下水依赖生态系统范畴。非湿地型区域生态系统被用于划定可能存在地表显现型地下水依赖生态系统的区域，例如地质接触带——这类区域的泉眼因规模过小，在现有湿地制图中可能未被识别为湿地。

**属性说明**
本数据集的属性信息源自专家知识、文献资料与现有空间数据集。针对墨累-达令盆地东部以及宽湾-伯内特制图区域举办的地下水依赖生态系统研讨会中，收集了地下水位置与范围的相关信息。从区域工作人员及具备当地地下水相关知识的其他专家处收集的信息包括湿地、泉眼与河道基流的位置。在地下水依赖生态系统研讨会上识别出已知与潜在的地下水依赖生态系统，并将对该生态系统认知的置信等级（即高、中、低）标注于数据属性中。本数据集未描述地下水依赖程度。

地下水依赖生态系统研讨会中信息收集的一项重要内容为捕获图片式概念模型，这类模型以逻辑且客观的方式呈现观测到的对象、现象与过程，旨在构建一套理论结果与真实世界观测结果不矛盾的形式化系统。此类图片式概念模型将与地下水依赖生态系统空间数据建立超链接，以辅助数据解译。更多信息请参阅地下水依赖生态系统图片式概念模型文档。

收集的另一项关键信息为识别地下水依赖生态系统决策规则，这类规则依据专家知识，描述特定地点或区域内生态系统已具备或可能具备地下水依赖性的条件组合。地下水依赖生态系统决策规则可涵盖地质、植被、地形位置、海拔与降雨分区等条件描述。随后将这些决策规则进行分类并整合为地下水依赖生态系统制图规则集，为使用地理信息系统（GIS）技术开展应用做准备。地下水依赖生态系统制图规则集是由具备相似地下水依赖生态系统驱动因子与过程的相关决策规则组合而成，通过GIS分析应用于空间数据集时，可划定生态系统已具备或可能具备地下水依赖性的区域。此类地下水依赖生态系统制图规则集用于确定“衍生”潜在地下水依赖生态系统，这类系统构成了地下水依赖生态系统制图的主体部分。为东部墨累-达令盆地（MDB）与宽湾-伯内特（WBB）区域开发的地下水依赖生态系统制图规则集完整列表如下。请注意，使用地下水依赖生态系统制图规则集时，可能会根据当地条件与景观驱动因子识别出地表显现型地下水依赖生态系统和/或陆地型地下水依赖生态系统。

## **数据集引用**

"昆士兰科学、信息技术、创新与艺术部"（2013）《昆士兰地下水依赖生态系统》，生物区域评估源数据集。2017年10月25日查阅，http://data.bioregionalassessments.gov.au/dataset/075cdc0a-382e-4040-9a70-fcd85a2da5d5。