Archaeological cropmark synthetic signatures 2 (ACSS 2)

This dataset contains measured and synthetic hyperspectral reflectance signatures associated with cropmarks caused by buried archaeological remains. A simulation-generating script is included in a Jupyter Notebook. The measured signatures were collected in 2025 from a test field in Cyprus. Synthetic signatures were generated using the PROSAIL radiative transfer model, with input parameters sampled from an empirically derived multivariate distribution. The parameter synthesis approach preserves both inter-variable correlations and marginal distributions observed in the estimated values, which were originally obtained through PROSAIL inversion of the measured data. The synthetic signatures are labeled according to the observation date of the corresponding measured signatures and the sample type, indicating whether the crop sample is associated with buried remains or not. The aim of this dataset is to support research in predictive modelling of cropmark detection by providing a controlled and reproducible framework for studying hyperspectral responses under varying biophysical conditions.