Associations of self-compassion with shame, guilt, and training motivation after sport-specific daily stress – a smartphone study

By applying a diary study design, we investigated the role of selfcompassion during sport-specific daily stress (SSDS) with regard to the negative self-conscious emotions of shame and guilt and training motivation. We hypothesised that self-compassion would protect athletes from certain self-conscious emotions, namely shame, after SSDS. We also predicted that self-compassion would either increase or decrease the relationship between stress and motivation. Ninety-six athletes (Mage = 22.14, SD = 5.92) reported their level of self-compassion and evaluated their trainings and/or competitions over three weeks in terms of experienced stress, guilt, shame and subsequent training motivation on their smartphones. Multilevel analyses showed that SSDS was associated with more negative self-conscious emotions and reduced training motivation. Moreover, self-compassion weakened the effect of SSDS on shame and was not correlated with training motivation. We discuss the results with regard to sport psychology practice and future research.

本研究采用日记研究设计，探讨了运动特异性日常应激（sport-specific daily stress, SSDS）情境下，自我慈悲对羞耻、内疚两类负性自我意识情绪以及训练动机的影响作用。本研究假设，在遭遇运动特异性日常应激后，自我慈悲能够帮助运动员避免产生特定的自我意识情绪——羞耻感。此外，本研究还预测，自我慈悲会对应激与动机之间的关联产生正向或负向调节作用。本研究共招募96名运动员（平均年龄Mage=22.14，标准差SD=5.92），通过智能手机在三周内每日报告自身的自我慈悲水平，并针对当日的训练及/或赛事中所体验到的应激、内疚、羞耻感以及后续训练动机进行评估。多层分析结果显示，运动特异性日常应激与更多负性自我意识情绪的产生以及训练动机的降低存在显著关联。进一步分析发现，自我慈悲能够缓解运动特异性日常应激对羞耻感的负面影响，且与训练动机并无显著相关。本研究最后就研究结果对运动心理学实践的启示以及未来研究方向展开了讨论。