Dialogues between the capital and the interior: singularities of rural teacher training in Paraná

ABSTRACT The article analyzed the training of rural teachers in the State of Paraná, through the Regional Normal Course, when this type of teacher training was created and extinguished in the period from 1946 to 1968. The analysis focuses on investigations within the scope of doctoral theses and master’s dissertations that have as object of study the Regional Normal Course of the State of Paraná. In particular, the role of Erasmo Pilotto and Diva Vidal is highlighted in the actions facing the intense process of interiorization of the Regional Normal Courses. Cultural History is used as a theoretical framework, based on the concepts of school culture by Juliá (2001) and strategies and practices by Certeau (1998). As documentary sources, we used the theses and dissertations in the area of Education, documents from the Public Archive of the State of Paraná, the Library of the State Secretariat of Education, the Public Library of the State of Paraná, the Secretariat of Education and Culture and/or Normal Education Service, including originals from CD-ROM of Gonçalves (2016) etc. Considering the number of Normal Regional Courses (121 courses in 1964) and the location of 12 works, this preliminary assessment clarifies the uniqueness assumed by the Normal Regional Course of the State of Paraná, the result of the joint effort of well-known educators (Erasmo Pilotto and Diva Vidal) and anonymous professors who lived with the consonance and contradiction prescribed and practiced and developed strategies and tactics to deal with the problem of rural teacher training.

摘要：本研究以1946年至1968年巴拉那州（State of Paraná）乡村教师培训项目的创立与废止阶段为研究区间，以地区师范专科学校（Regional Normal Course）为研究视角，对该州乡村教师培养工作展开系统性分析。本分析聚焦于以巴拉那州地区师范专科学校为研究对象的博士学位论文与硕士学位论文类研究成果。研究特别凸显了埃拉斯莫·皮洛托（Erasmo Pilotto）与迪瓦·维达尔（Diva Vidal）在推动地区师范专科学校向乡村腹地全面下沉的密集进程中所发挥的关键作用。本研究以文化史为理论框架，其核心基于朱丽亚（Juliá, 2001）提出的学校文化概念，以及米歇尔·德·塞尔托（Certeau, 1998）提出的策略与实践理论。本研究的文献数据源涵盖教育领域学位论文、巴拉那州公共档案馆馆藏文件、巴拉那州教育厅图书馆馆藏、巴拉那州公共图书馆馆藏、教育与文化厅及/或师范教育服务部门相关档案，其中亦包含贡萨尔维斯（Gonçalves, 2016）的光盘原始素材等。考虑到1964年地区师范专科学校的办学规模达121所，且现有相关研究成果仅12项，本次初步评估阐明了巴拉那州地区师范专科学校所具备的独特性：这一独特性源自知名教育工作者埃拉斯莫·皮洛托、迪瓦·维达尔，以及一众默默耕耘的教职人员的共同努力——他们在遵循既定规则的同时，亦面临诸多现实矛盾与冲突，并通过制定适配性策略与战术来应对乡村教师培训面临的各类核心难题。