Federal Justice Statistics Program: Defendants Sentenced Under the Sentencing Reform Act, 2010

These data contain records of criminal defendants who were sentenced pursuant to provisions of the Sentencing Reform Act (SRA) of 1984 and reported to the United States Sentencing Commission (USSC) during fiscal year 2010. These data can be linked to the primary analysis file using the unique identifier variable SEQ_NUM. It is estimated that over 90 percent of felony defendants in the federal criminal justice system are sentenced pursuant to the SRA of 1984. The data were obtained from the United States Sentencing Commission's Office of Policy Analysis' (OPA) Standardized Research Data File. The Standardized Research Data File consists of variables from the Monitoring Department's database, which is limited to those defendants whose records have been furnished to the USSC by United States district courts and United States magistrates, as well as variables created by the OPA specifically for research purposes. The data include variables from the Judgement and Conviction (J and C) order submitted by the court, background and guideline information collected from the Presentencing Report (PSR), and the report on sentencing hearing in the Statement of Reasons (SOR). These data contain detailed information such as the guideline base offense level, offense level adjustments, criminal history, departure status, statement of reasons given for departure, and basic demographic information. These data are the primary analysis file and include only statute, guideline computation, and adjustment variables for the most serious offense of conviction. These data are part of a series designed by the Urban Institute (Washington, DC) and the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Data and documentation were prepared by the Urban Institute.

本数据集收录了2010财年期间，依据《1984年量刑改革法案（Sentencing Reform Act，SRA）》判处刑罚并上报至美国量刑委员会（United States Sentencing Commission，USSC）的刑事被告人记录。
可通过唯一标识符变量SEQ_NUM将本数据集与核心分析文件进行关联。据估算，联邦刑事司法系统中超过90%的重罪被告人均依据1984年SRA判处刑罚。
本数据集源自美国量刑委员会政策分析办公室（Office of Policy Analysis，OPA）的标准化研究数据集文件。该文件包含监察部门数据库中的变量——仅涵盖已由美国地区法院及美国治安法官提交至USSC的被告人记录，同时包含OPA专为研究目的构建的变量。
数据集内容涵盖法院提交的判决与定罪（Judgement and Conviction，J&C）文书信息、从量刑前报告（Presentencing Report，PSR）中提取的背景及量刑指南相关信息，以及量刑理由陈述书（Statement of Reasons，SOR）中收录的量刑听证会相关报告内容。
本数据集包含多项详细信息，例如量刑指南基准犯罪等级、犯罪等级调整项、犯罪史、量刑指南偏离状态、偏离量刑的理由说明，以及基础人口统计信息。
本数据集为核心分析文件，仅包含与最严重定罪罪名相关的罪名、量刑指南计算及调整变量。
本数据集为城市研究所（华盛顿哥伦比亚特区，Washington, DC）与美国司法统计局联合设计的系列数据集之一，数据集及配套文档均由城市研究所编制完成。