Antarctic Seasonal Pressure Reconstructions 1905-2013

Overview:This project created seasonal reconstructions for many of the long-term Antarctic station records, in order to understand better the relative roles of natural variability and change during the 20th Century. Using midlatitude pressure records that were significantly correlated to the individual station being reconstructed, a principal component regression reconstruction technique was employed. The records were extended back to 1905 for all locations, and several different approaches were attempted:
Reconstructions based on groups of midlatitude predictor stations that were correlated at p<0.05 and p<0.10, termed the 5% and 10% networks, respectively;Reconstructions based on detrended and original predictor and predictand seasonal pressure data;Reconstructions with predictor and predictand data ending in 2011 vs. 2013;Reconstructions calibrated over 1957-2011 (or 2013, whichever the ending year is), and validated using a leave-one-out cross validation procedure, termed the 'full period' reconstructions;Reconstructions calibrated during the first 30 years (1957-1986) and validated over the last 25-27 years (1987-2011 or 1987-2013), termed the 'early' reconstructions;Reconstructions calibrated during last 30-32 years (1982-2011 or 1982-2013) and validated over the first 25 years (1957-1981), termed the 'late' period reconstructions;Reconstructions using all of the above mentioned methods with now incorporating in reanalysis data from HadSLP2 and NOAA 20CR, termed the 'pseudo' reconstructions.
NOTE: Any reconstructions termed 'original' reconstructions are any reconstructions not using 'pseudo' data. Reconstructions using 'pseudo' data from reanalysis products are termed 'pseudo' reconstructions. 

We provide here all the reconstruction data for each station (which can be accessed by downloading the data attached), including the best overall reconstructions for all stations.
Acknowledgments: 
This work is supported by funding from the National Science Foundation, through the Antarctic Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences award PLR-1341621
Relevant Publications:
For further information on the reconstruction methodology, please see the seasonal SAM index reconstructions, or the following publications:
Jones, J. M., R. L. Fogt, M. Widmann, G. J. Marshall, P. D. Jones, and M. Visbeck, 2009: Historical SAM Variability. Part I: Century length seasonal reconstructions. J. Climate, 22, 5319-5345, doi: 10.1175/2009JCLI2785.1Fogt, R. L., J. Perlwitz, A. J. Monaghan, D. H. Bromwich, J. M. Jones, and G. J. Marshall, 2009: Historical SAM Variability. Part II: 20th century variability and trends from reconstructions, observations, and the IPCC AR4 Models. J. Climate, 22, 5346-5365, doi: 10.1175/2009JCLI2786.1

For details on the Antarctic station-based pressure reconstructions, please see the following publications:Fogt, R. L., C. A. Goergens, M. E. Jones, G. A. Witte, M. Y. Lee, and J. M. Jones, 2016: Antarctic station-based pressure reconstructions since 1905: 1. Reconstruction evaluation. J. Geophysical Res.-Atmospheres, 21, 2814-2835, doi:10.1002/2015JD024564.  Access here from Wiley online libraryFogt, R. L., J. M. Jones, C. A. Goergens, M. E. Jones, G. A. Witte, and M. Y. Lee, 2016: Antarctic station-based pressure reconstructions since 1905: 2. Variability and trends during the twentieth century. J. Geophysical Res.-Atmospheres, 21, 2836-2856, doi:10.1002/2015JD024565.  Access here from Wiley online library
Contacts: 
For additional information, please feel free to email Dr. Ryan L. Fogt ([e-mail])
RECONSTRUCTION PERFORMANCE
The evaluation statistics for the best performing original reconstructions for all the 'full period' reconstructions are summarized in the tables below. Full details on the length of the records (both for midlatitude and Antarctic stations reconstructed) and other skill measures can be found in Fogt et al. 2016.

December-January-February (DJF)

StationsCalibration CorrelationValidation CorrelationReduction of ErrorCoefficient of EfficiencyAmundsen-Scott
Bellingshausen
Byrd
Casey
Davis
Dumont
Esperanza
Faraday
Halley
Marambio
Marsh / O'Higgins
Mawson
McMurdo / Scott Base
Mirny
Novolazarevskaya
Rothera
Syowa
Vostok
0.859
0.830
0.826
0.794
0.754
0.816
0.909
0.899
0.923
0.760
0.819
0.885
0.872
0.842
0.873
0.886
0.773
0.832
0.790
0.733
0.732
0.746
0.660
0.779
0.813
0.820
0.890
0.637
0.725
0.813
0.824
0.737
0.843
0.805
0.710
0.774
0.737
0.761
0.745
0.749
0.765
0.750
0.826
0.808
0.852
0.742
0.743
0.783
0.760
0.709
0.780
0.798
0.671
0.792
0.615
0.652
0.617
0.675
0.647
0.685
0.652
0.665
0.789
0.659
0.635
0.655
0.674
0.528
0.729
0.652
0.598
0.702
March-April-May (MAM)

StationsCalibration CorrelationValidation CorrelationReduction of ErrorCoefficient of EfficiencyAmundsen-Scott
Bellingshausen
Byrd
Casey
Davis
Dumont
Esperanza
Faraday
Halley
Marambio
Marsh / O'Higgins
Mawson
McMurdo / Scott Base
Mirny
Novolazarevskaya
Rothera
Syowa
Vostok
0.721
0.853
0.668
0.559
0.738
0.660
0.785
0.819
0.608
0.725
0.719
0.742
0.678
0.717
0.779
0.699
0.719
0.660
0.678
0.818
0.603
0.486
0.660
0.606
0.748
0.778
0.529
0.670
0.770
0.671
0.635
0.677
0.732
0.635
0.638
0.609
0.520
0.739
0.473
0.313
0.554
0.441
0.615
0.672
0.369
0.637
0.565
0.551
0.459
0.514
0.627
0.503
0.545
0.464
0.456
0.682
0.385
0.222
0.438
0.353
0.557
0.601
0.269
0.586
0.559
0.438
0.401
0.456
0.570
0.411
0.430
0.409
June-July-August (JJA)

StationsCalibration CorrelationValidation CorrelationReduction of ErrorCoefficient of EfficiencyAmundsen-Scott
Bellingshausen
Byrd
Casey
Davis
Dumont
Esperanza
Faraday
Halley
Marambio
Marsh / O'Higgins
Mawson
McMurdo / Scott Base
Mirny
Novolazarevskaya
Rothera
Syowa
Vostok
0.685
0.914
0.563
0.765
0.683
0.731
0.853
0.871
0.721
0.814
0.884
0.667
0.793
0.787
0.818
0.810
0.574
0.723
0.578
0.884
0.391
0.712
0.595
0.650
0.823
0.841
0.612
0.760
0.838
0.555
0.632
0.648
0.689
0.765
0.423
0.659
0.469
0.836
0.376
0.586
0.492
0.534
0.733
0.758
0.519
0.776
0.809
0.444
0.630
0.619
0.675
0.644
0.376
0.535
0.316
0.779
0.213
0.503
0.372
0.412
0.680
0.706
0.365
0.737
0.746
0.290
0.375
0.398
0.472
0.571
0.220
0.446
September-October-November (SON)

StationsCalibration CorrelationValidation CorrelationReduction of ErrorCoefficient of EfficiencyAmundsen-Scott
Bellingshausen
Byrd
Casey
Davis
Dumont
Esperanza
Faraday
Halley
Marambio
Marsh / O'Higgins
Mawson
McMurdo / Scott Base
Mirny
Novolazarevskaya
Rothera
Syowa
Vostok
0.619
0.853
0.765
0.698
0.623
0.641
0.762
0.769
0.676
0.697
0.711
0.616
0.731
0.635
0.581
0.623
0.594
0.615
0.395
0.819
0.621
0.529
0.545
0.540
0.712
0.747
0.536
0.633
0.647
0.557
0.612
0.534
0.505
0.522
0.546
0.514
0.383
0.745
0.637
0.461
0.405
0.411
0.581
0.591
0.457
0.579
0.601
0.370
0.534
0.445
0.332
0.434
0.363
0.385
0.085
0.689
0.448
0.224
0.295
0.277
0.502
0.557
0.262
0.514
0.530
0.291
0.357
0.285
0.250
0.362
0.304
0.259
DATA
Please click here for access to all of the best performing reconstructions in an MS Excel spreadsheet. 

To access more data pertaining to each station individually, please download individual station data provided above on this page. The attached .txt files for each individual station provide the overall best reconstructions by season. The .xlsx files provide all reconstructions for each station and method used.

Last Revised: May 2016