A dataset for researching the relationship between musicality, empathy and other social cognitive abilities

This is a dataset for researching the relationship between musicality and social cognitive abilities, especially empathy. We used 2 experiments to collect this data. The dataset consists of 3 datafiles, one is an excel file with 2 sheets, and the other two are raw datafiles of 2 experiments. The data files are all written in Chinese. The experiment 1 is a questionnaire study. We measured the interested variance in the way showed below:Empathy: Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI)(Davis, 1983) in Chinese version (张凤凤 等, 2010).Music sophistication: Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold-MSI)(Müllensiefen et al, 2014) in Chinese version (Lin, 2019).The big five personality: Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI)(Gosling et al., 2003) in Chinese version (李金德, 2013).Anxiety: State-trait anxiety inventory (STAI)(Spielberger et al., 1983; 汪向东 等, 1999).Depression: Beck depression inventory (BDI-13)(Collet & Cottraux, 1986).Alexithymia: 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20)(Bagby et al., 1994; 汪向东 等, 1999).Subjective social status: Subjective Social Status inventory for undergraduate (SSS)(程刚 等, 2015). The experiment 2 introduces a pain empathy experiment cited from Han et al. (2009). In this experiment, participants were exposed to a series of pain stimulation videos, with a total of three types of pain stimuli: needle pricking with expression, needle pricking with no expression, cotton swab pricking with no expression. The condition of cotton swab pricking with no expression was used as the control condition in the experiment and was not included in the final analysis. Using 3 protagonists and the direction of the needle/cotton swab (left/right), create 12 stimuli for each type, totaling 36 stimulus materials, with the stimuli presented in a random order. Each trial presents a stimulus material and presents it twice. The participants need to evaluate the pain level of the characters in the material from the perspectives of others/themselves. Specifically, the question before the first playback is "How much pain do you feel for the protagonist in the video?", and the question before the second playback is "To what extent do you feel pain?”, All patients received a 6-point rating of 1 (completely painless) to 6 (very painful). Record the participants' scores on 2 questions for each trial. In terms of experimental data processing, it is necessary to calculate the average scores of the three stimulus types under the two evaluation perspectives of the subjects, that is, each subject will receive six scores based on the conditions. Furthermore, the Empathy, Music sophistication, Anxiety, Depression, Alexithymia, Subjective social status were collected as the experiment 1. In addition, we collect the objective musicality of participants.Objective musicality: Musical Ear Test (MET)(Wallentin et al, 2010). In both experiments, we additionally collected the age, gender of each participant and classified them into two groups of musicians and non-musicians due to whether they have ever received music training for more than 10 years. All the participants are high school students from different grades.music & empathy dataset. xlsxSheet “experiment 1” has 251 data in total. Sheet “experiment 2” has 120 data in total.Empathy: IRI_PT (Perspective Taking), IRI_FS (Fantasy), IRI_EC (Emotional concern), IRI_PD (Personal distress).Music sophistication: GMSI_AE (Active Engagement),       GMSI_PA (Perceptual Abilities), GMSI_MT (Musical Training), GMSI_SA (Singing Abilities), GMSI_E (Emotions), GMS (General Music Sophistication).The big five personality: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.Anxiety: STAI-S (state anxiety), STAI-T (trait anxiety)Depression: BDI.Alexithymia: TAS-f1 (Difficulty identifying feelings (DIF)), TAS-f2 (Difficulty describing feelings (DDF)), TAS-f3 (Externally oriented thinking (EOT)), TAS-20Subjective social status: SSS, the 7 Chinese lines before the line “SSS”.Objective musicality: MET-melody, MET-rhythm. raw_experiment1. xlsxThis file show the raw data of experiment 1, it presents the scoring of every items in all inventories of each participants. The red letter indicates reverse scoring and has already undergone reverse scoring operations, The highlighted yellow part represents the total score of the scale or the subscale and these areas retain the Excel formula for calculating scores. raw_experiment2. rarThis file shows the raw data of experiment 2, The folder “musician physical pain” contains the raw mat files which recorded all experiment response of each musician. The folder “nonmusician physical pain” contains the raw mat files which recorded all experiment response of each non-musician. In each mat file, you can get all response and response time in “Output” and get the stimuli number in “LIST_pain”. The first 2 line of “Output” is the response in perspective of other, and the last 2 line is the response in perspective of self. The excel file show the all responses made in experiment by each participant, it is compiled from the 2 folders mentioned above, the number in line “trial” is consistent with the number in “LIST_pain”. The last 2 line show the detail of stimuli in that trial, “1” means yes, “0” means no. In the line “musician”, “1” means musicians, “0” means non-musicians.

本数据集用于研究音乐性与社会认知能力（尤其是共情能力）之间的关联。本数据集通过两项实验采集所得，共包含3份数据文件：其一为含2个工作表的Excel文件，另外两份为两项实验的原始数据文件，所有数据文件均以中文编写。

实验1为问卷调查研究，我们通过以下工具测量相关变量：
1. 共情能力：人际反应指针量表（Interpersonal Reactivity Index, IRI）(Davis, 1983) 中文修订版（张凤凤等，2010）；
2. 音乐素养：戈德史密斯音乐素养量表（Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index, Gold-MSI）(Müllensiefen等，2014) 中文修订版（Lin, 2019）；
3. 大五人格：十项人格量表（Ten-Item Personality Inventory, TIPI）(Gosling等，2003) 中文修订版（李金德，2013）；
4. 焦虑状态与特质：状态-特质焦虑量表（State-trait Anxiety Inventory, STAI）(Spielberger等，1983；汪向东等，1999)；
5. 抑郁症状：贝克抑郁量表简版（Beck Depression Inventory-13, BDI-13）(Collet & Cottraux, 1986)；
6. 述情障碍：多伦多述情障碍量表20题版（20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale, TAS-20）(Bagby等，1994；汪向东等，1999)；
7. 主观社会地位：大学生主观社会地位量表（Subjective Social Status Inventory, SSS）(程刚等，2015)。

实验2为引自Han等（2009）的疼痛共情实验。实验中，向被试呈现一系列疼痛刺激视频，共包含三类疼痛刺激：带表情的针刺刺激、无表情的针刺刺激、无表情的棉签擦拭刺激。其中无表情的棉签擦拭刺激作为实验对照组，未纳入最终分析。本实验通过3个角色主体以及针/棉签的刺入方向（左/右）为每类刺激生成12个刺激材料，总计36个刺激素材，刺激材料以随机顺序呈现。每个试次呈现1个刺激材料并重复播放两次。被试需分别从他人视角与自我视角评估素材中角色的疼痛程度。具体而言，第一次播放前的提示问题为「你为视频中的主角感受到多少疼痛？」，第二次播放前的提示问题为「你自身感受到多大程度的疼痛？」。所有被试采用1（完全无痛）至6（极度疼痛）的6点计分法进行评分。每个试次需记录被试针对两个问题的得分。

实验数据处理环节需计算被试在两种评价视角下，三类刺激类型的平均得分，即每名被试将根据实验条件获得6项得分。此外，与实验1一致，本实验同样采集了被试的共情能力、音乐素养、焦虑状态、抑郁症状、述情障碍及主观社会地位数据。除此之外，我们还采集了被试的客观音乐性数据，即音乐听觉测试（Musical Ear Test, MET）(Wallentin等，2010)所得结果。

两项实验中，我们均额外采集了每名被试的年龄与性别信息，并根据被试是否接受过10年以上音乐训练将其划分为音乐家组与非音乐家组。所有被试均为不同年级的高中生。

**音乐与共情数据集.xlsx**：「实验1」工作表共包含251条数据，「实验2」工作表共包含120条数据。
各量表细分维度如下：
- 共情能力相关维度：IRI_PT（观点采择维度）、IRI_FS（想象维度）、IRI_EC（情感关怀维度）、IRI_PD（个人痛苦维度）；
- 音乐素养相关维度：GMSI_AE（主动参与度）、GMSI_PA（感知能力）、GMSI_MT（音乐训练经历）、GMSI_SA（歌唱能力）、GMSI_E（情感感知）、GMS（通用音乐素养）；
- 大五人格维度：开放性、尽责性、外倾性、宜人性、神经质；
- 焦虑相关维度：STAI-S（状态焦虑）、STAI-T（特质焦虑）；
- 抑郁症状得分：BDI总分；
- 述情障碍相关维度：TAS-f1（识别情感困难维度，DIF）、TAS-f2（描述情感困难维度，DDF）、TAS-f3（外向性思维维度，EOT）、TAS-20总分；
- 主观社会地位：SSS量表总分，即「SSS」条目前的7个中文条目得分之和；
- 客观音乐性：MET-melody（旋律维度得分）、MET-rhythm（节奏维度得分）。

**raw_experiment1.xlsx**：本文件为实验1的原始数据，记录了每名被试在所有量表中的所有条目得分。其中红色字体代表反向计分条目，且已完成反向计分处理；黄色高亮区域代表量表或子量表的总分，该区域保留了用于计算得分的Excel公式。

**raw_experiment2.rar**：本文件为实验2的原始数据。其中「musician physical pain」文件夹包含所有音乐家被试的实验原始MAT文件，记录了每名音乐家的全部实验反应数据；「nonmusician physical pain」文件夹包含所有非音乐家被试的实验原始MAT文件，记录了每名非音乐家的全部实验反应数据。每个MAT文件中，「Output」字段包含所有反应数据与反应时，「LIST_pain」字段包含刺激编号。「Output」的前两行对应他人视角的评分，后两行对应自我视角的评分。本压缩包内附带的Excel文件汇总了每名被试在实验中的所有反应数据，其由上述两个文件夹编译而来：「trial」行中的编号与「LIST_pain」中的刺激编号一一对应；最后两行展示了该试次的刺激细节，「1」代表符合对应条件，「0」代表不符合；「musician」行中，「1」代表音乐家组，「0」代表非音乐家组。