The Barrier Effect of Urban Highway and the Impacts on Mobility and Transport Expenses

Abstract Several cities have highways that cross neighborhoods, especially peripheral ones, causing difficulties in the displacement of affected populations and separating communities from areas where the greatest opportunities for employment and urban services are concentrated. This study aimed to identify the impacts of the barrier effect of a highway on the mobility and accessibility of the population in zones adjacent to a highway in a city in southern Brazil and to analyze the possible consequences on the family budget. The study was developed from the local household survey database, census and socioeconomic information, analysis of thematic maps and the use of linear regression to identify possible relationship between the neighboring and non-neighboring ZT to the stretch under study. It was found that there is evidence between the amount of opportunities for crossing the highway with aspects of family income and population density. There are indications that families that are in income classes of strata C or lower, according to the Brazil criterion, and reside in one of the ZT adjacent to the study area, are investing their few financial resources in the acquisition of motor vehicles, as a strategy for improve their mobility and accessibility conditions.

摘要：部分城市的高速公路穿越社区（尤其是城郊社区），导致受影响居民出行受阻，并将社区与就业及城市服务资源高度集中的区域分隔开来。本研究旨在探究巴西南部某城市中，高速公路屏障效应对其沿线周边区域居民出行机动性与可达性的影响，并分析其对家庭预算可能产生的后果。本研究基于本地住户调查数据库、人口普查数据与社会经济信息，结合专题地图分析与线性回归方法，分析本次研究路段周边与非周边ZT（Zoning Tract）之间的潜在关联。研究发现，高速公路穿越通行机会的多寡与家庭收入及人口密度存在显著关联。有迹象表明，按照巴西收入划分标准属于C阶层及以下的家庭，若居住在研究区域周边的ZT内，会将有限的财力用于购置机动车，以此作为改善自身出行机动性与可达性条件的策略。