Bad Men, Good Roads, Jim Crow, and the Economics of Southern Chain Gangs

Penology in the Jim Crow South centered on the chain gang. Gangs ostensibly served three purposes: their severity served as a deterrent; their putting convicts to work on roads and other public improvements reduced the taxpayers costs of infrastructure; and their discriminatory implementation

吉姆·克劳时代美国南方（Jim Crow South）的刑罚学（Penology）以链锁囚工队（chain gang）为核心研究范畴。这类囚工队表面上承担三项职能：其一，严苛的管理模式可起到威慑作用；其二，驱使囚犯参与道路修筑及其他公共建设项目，能够降低纳税人在基础设施建设上的成本；其三，其执行过程带有歧视性。