Preparation, characterization and compatibility studies of poly(DFAMO/AMMO)

Poly(3-difluoroaminomethyl-3-methyl oxetane (DFAMO)/3-azidomethyl-3-methyl oxetane (AMMO)) (PDA) can be used as an energetic pre-polymer in the binder systems of solid propellants and polymer-bonded explosives (PBXs). The cationic solution polymerization affords PDA using butane diol (BDO) and boron trifluride etherate (TFBE) as initiator and catalyst, separately. Its molecular structure is characterized and thermal decomposition behavior is investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The copolymer has good thermal stability and exhibits a three-step mass-loss process with the first two steps mainly belonging to the thermal decomposition of difluoroamino and azido groups, respectively. DSC method is performed to evaluate the compatibility of PDA with some energetic components and inert materials. More than half of the selected materials are compatible with PDA, which including cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), ammonium perchlorate (AP), ammonium nitrate (AN), potassium nitrate (KNO₃), aluminum powder (Al), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃), 2-nitrodiphenylamine (NDPA) and 1,3-diethyl-1,3-diphenyl urea (C₁).

聚(3-二氟氨基甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷(3-difluoroaminomethyl-3-methyl oxetane, DFAMO)/3-叠氮甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷(3-azidomethyl-3-methyl oxetane, AMMO))（简称PDA）可用作固体推进剂与聚合物黏结炸药(polymer-bonded explosives, PBXs)黏结体系中的含能预聚物。该共聚物采用阳离子溶液聚合法制备，以丁二醇(butane diol, BDO)与三氟化硼乙醚络合物(boron trifluoride etherate, TFBE)分别作为引发剂与催化剂。通过热重分析(thermogravimetric analysis, TG)、差示扫描量热法(differential scanning calorimetry, DSC)与傅里叶变换红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, FTIR)对其分子结构进行表征，并研究其热分解行为。该共聚物具备良好的热稳定性，呈现三步失重过程，前两步主要分别对应二氟氨基与叠氮基团的热分解。采用差示扫描量热法评估了PDA与多种含能组分及惰性材料的相容性，结果显示超半数受试材料与PDA相容性良好，包括环三亚甲基三硝胺(cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine, RDX)、2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, TNT)、1,3,5-三氨基-2,4,6-三硝基苯(1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene, TATB)、季戊四醇四硝酸酯(pentaerythritol tetranitrate, PETN)、高氯酸铵(ammonium perchlorate, AP)、硝酸铵(ammonium nitrate, AN)、硝酸钾(potassium nitrate, KNO₃)、铝粉(aluminum powder, Al)、氧化铝(aluminum oxide, Al₂O₃)、2-硝基二苯胺(2-nitrodiphenylamine, NDPA)以及1,3-二乙基-1,3-二苯基脲(1,3-diethyl-1,3-diphenyl urea, C₁)。