EVALUATION OF CROP AND IRRIGATION WATER REQUIREMENTS FOR SOME SELECTED CROPS IN APULIA REGION -SOUTHERN ITALY

Nowadays, nearly 90% of global water consumption is caused by irrigation activities, and more than 40% of the crops are produced under irrigated conditions. This study is an endeavour to estimate the irrigation water requirement (IWR) and crop water requirement (CWR) for some selected crops (Pepper, Eggplant, Potato, Soybean, Maize, Wheat Melon, Lettuce, Sunflower, Broadbean, Citrus, Cherry, Olive tree, Sugarbeet, Artichoke, Wine Grapes, Carrot...etc.) in Sothern Italy. The selected districts (Sant’ Arcangelo) have been taken as a case study area. Demanded meteorologically (rainfall, temperature, humidity, wind speed, sunshine hours) and crop data (crop coefficient and crop calendar) have been collected for 30 years period from 1981 to 2011. FAO CROPWATv8.0 software has been applied for requisite calculation of CWR and IWR along with the developing of cropping patterns. The FAO Penman-Monteith equation is used for estimating the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) by using meteorological data in the framework of CROPWAT model as it regarded as a good evaluator for a wide variety of climatic conditions. The analysis indicates that FAO Penman-Monteith suits very well for the study area and can be successfully used for the estimation of reference evapotranspiration. The important results in this study indicate that the IWR is very low from November to April (wintertime) due to higher rainfall intensity in these months and from month May to October a considerable amount of water is required for irrigation.

当前全球近90%的水资源消耗源于农业灌溉活动，且全球逾40%的农作物均在灌溉条件下产出。本研究旨在估算意大利南部选定作物（辣椒、茄子、马铃薯、大豆、玉米、厚皮甜瓜、生菜、向日葵、蚕豆、柑橘、樱桃、油橄榄、甜菜、洋蓟、酿酒葡萄、胡萝卜等）的灌溉需水量（Irrigation Water Requirement, IWR）与作物需水量（Crop Water Requirement, CWR）。本次研究选取圣阿尔坎杰洛（Sant’ Arcangelo）辖区作为案例研究区域，收集了1981年至2011年共30年的气象数据（降雨量、气温、相对湿度、风速、日照时长）及作物数据（作物系数与作物生育期日历）。本研究采用联合国粮食及农业组织（Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO）CROPWATv8.0软件，开展作物需水量与灌溉需水量的相关计算，并构建研究区域的种植模式。在CROPWAT模型框架内，本研究借助气象数据，采用FAO Penman-Monteith公式估算参考作物蒸发蒸腾量（Reference Evapotranspiration, ET0）；该公式被广泛证实可适用于多种气候条件下的评估工作。分析结果表明，FAO Penman-Monteith公式非常适配本研究区域，可有效用于参考作物蒸发蒸腾量的估算。本研究的核心结果显示：11月至次年4月（冬季）的灌溉需水量极低，原因在于该时段降雨强度较高；而5月至10月则需要大量灌溉用水。