Paraphlomis octopus (Lamiaceae), a new species from Southern China

Paraphlomis octopus (Lamiaceae), a new species from the limestone area in Guangdong and Guangxi, China, is described and illustrated. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on two nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences revealed that the new species is sister to P. pagantha, and the two species are further sister to P. kwangtungensis. All three species were further embedded within a clade consisting of species with hairy ovaries or nutlets. Morphologically, the new species can be distinguished from P. kwangtungensis in its acute apex of calyx tooth, from P. pagantha in its strongly reflexed lower corolla lip, and from both species in their inflorescence with peduncle-like stalks, and wider upper corolla lip. Based on an extensive field survey, we also found that the type locality of P. kwangtungensis has long been misrecorded in floras. A key to all species with hairy ovaries and nutlets is provided., , , # *Paraphlomis octopus* (Lamiaceae), a new species from Southern China

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cnp5hqccb](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cnp5hqccb)

This dataset includes molecular phylogenetic analysis results for all samples and sequences used in this study as well as plate details for similar species.

#### Appendix S5-FIG. S1

Morphology of *Paraphlomis kwangtungensis*. A. Habitat. B. Habit. C–E. Verticillasters. F. Frontal and lateral views of flowers. G. Apical and lateral views of calyces, and a dissected calyx. H. Frontal and lateral views of corollas, and a dissected corolla. I. Stamens. J. Pistil. K. Lateral and apical views of ovaries. L. Apical and lateral views of nutlets. A–E, photographed by Qiang Fan; F–L, photographed by Ying Liu.

#### Apendix S6-FIG. S2

Morphology of *Paraphlomis pagantha*. A–B. Habit. C–E. Verticillasters. F. Frontal and lateral views of flowers. G. Apical and lateral views of calyces, and a dissected calyx. H. Frontal and lateral views of co...

章鱼假糙苏（*Paraphlomis octopus*，唇形科（Lamiaceae））为分布于中国粤桂石灰岩地区的新物种，本文对其进行了形态描述与图解。基于两套核糖体核DNA序列的分子系统发育分析结果显示，该新物种与多花假糙苏（*Paraphlomis pagantha*）互为姊妹群，且二者与广东假糙苏（*Paraphlomis kwangtungensis*）进一步构成姊妹群关系。上述三个物种均隶属于以具毛子房或小坚果为共同特征的演化支。

形态上，该新物种可通过以下特征与近缘种区分：与广东假糙苏相比，其花萼齿先端急尖；与多花假糙苏相比，其花冠下唇强烈反折；与二者相比，其花序具花序梗状总梗，且花冠上唇更宽大。

通过大范围野外调查，本文同时发现广东假糙苏的模式产地长期以来在植物志中存在误记。本文还提供了所有具毛子房与小坚果物种的分种检索表。

# 章鱼假糙苏（*Paraphlomis octopus*，唇形科（Lamiaceae））——中国南方新种

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cnp5hqccb](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.cnp5hqccb)

本数据集包含本研究中使用的所有样本与序列的分子系统发育分析结果，以及近缘物种的图版细节。

#### 附录S5-图S1
广东假糙苏（*Paraphlomis kwangtungensis*）的形态特征。A. 生境；B. 植株整体；C~E. 轮伞花序；F. 花的正面与侧面观；G. 花萼的先端与侧面观及剖开的花萼；H. 花冠的正面与侧面观及剖开的花冠；I. 雄蕊；J. 雌蕊；K. 子房的侧面与先端观；L. 小坚果的先端与侧面观。A~E由范强拍摄；F~L由刘颖拍摄。

#### 附录S6-图S2
多花假糙苏（*Paraphlomis pagantha*）的形态特征。A~B. 植株整体；C~E. 轮伞花序；F. 花的正面与侧面观；G. 花萼的先端与侧面观及剖开的花萼；H. 花冠的正面与侧面观及……