Optical measurements of light transmittance of the upper water column, United States Coast Guard Cutter (USCGC) Healy, Chukchi Sea to Central Arctic Ocean (2022)

The Central Arctic Ocean remains profoundly understudied, particularly with respect to carbon cycling, ecosystem alteration, and associated changes in atmospheric, ice and ocean physics that drive those biological and biogeochemical systems. The region is expected to experience continued marked changes over the coming decades, driven by ongoing climate warming. Yet, because of relatively limited understanding of fundamental characteristics and processes in the region, predicting these changes and their Pan-Arctic linkages remains difficult. The Synoptic Arctic Survey (SAS) is organized around three major research areas: (1) physical drivers of importance to the ecosystem and carbon cycle; (2) the ecosystem response and (3) the carbon cycle. The overarching questions are: “What is the present state, and what are the major ongoing transformations of the Arctic marine system?” The overall objective of this expedition was to quantify the present states of the physical, biological, and biogeochemical systems of the Pacific Arctic (here defined as the Chukchi Sea, Beaufort shelf/slope, Chukchi Borderlands) and Canadian Basin (i.e., the Makarov and Canada basins) during summer 2022." - Cruise Report United States Coast Guard Cutter (USCGC) Healy HLY2202/AWS2022 [Prepared by Carin Ashjian ([e-mail]) and the HLY2202 Science Team]. This dataset presents open-ocean (i.e. without the presence of sea ice) upper ocean (~50 meter [m]) optical profiles collected using a Biospherical Compact Optical Profiling System (C-OPS). Eighteen channels (320–780 nanometer [nm]) were measured by upward and downward facing radiometers alongside an upward viewing radiometer at the surface. In addition to the eighteen transmittance channels, subsurface chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic active radiation are provided.

中央北冰洋（Central Arctic Ocean）的研究程度仍极为匮乏，尤其聚焦于碳循环、生态系统演变，以及驱动上述生物与生物地球化学系统的大气、海冰与海洋物理变化相关领域。受持续气候变暖影响，该区域预计在未来数十年内将持续出现显著变化。然而，由于对该区域的基本特征与过程的认知相对有限，预测这些变化及其泛北极（Pan-Arctic）关联仍存在较大难度。
北极综合调查（Synoptic Arctic Survey, SAS）围绕三大核心研究领域展开：(1) 对生态系统与碳循环具有重要意义的物理驱动因子；(2) 生态系统响应；(3) 碳循环。其核心研究问题为：“北极海洋系统当前处于何种状态，正在发生的主要转型又是什么？”
本次科考的总体目标是量化2022年夏季太平洋北极区域（此处定义为楚科奇海、波弗特陆架/陆坡、楚科奇海盆边缘地带）与加拿大海盆（即马卡罗夫海盆与加拿大海盆）的物理、生物及生物地球化学系统的当前状态。—— 美国海岸警卫队希利号（United States Coast Guard Cutter, USCGC）Healy HLY2202/AWS2022航次报告 [由Carin Ashjian（[e-mail]）与HLY2202科考团队编制]。
本数据集包含利用生物光学紧凑型光学剖面系统（Biospherical Compact Optical Profiling System, C-OPS）采集的开阔海域（即无海冰覆盖区域）上层海洋（约50米[m]）光学剖面数据。通过朝上与朝下的辐射计，以及表层朝上观测的辐射计，共测量了18个波段通道（320–780纳米[nm]）。除18个透射率通道外，数据集还提供了水下叶绿素荧光与光合有效辐射数据。